狂欢的民间世界,自由的生命形态——论莫言小说的狂欢色彩

An Orgiastic Folk World with Free Life Forms——Study on the Carnival Colors of Mo Yan's Novels

莫言笔下的民间世界,僭越了文明的成规,消解了律令的权威,呈现出蓬勃的生命活力和狂欢的生活样态。这与巴赫金的狂欢化诗学理论达成了精神的共鸣。狂欢化场景的设置,复调叙事结构的运用,令莫言的文学世界众声喧哗、多音齐鸣:不同阶层的人们在有限的时空领域中平等对话、自由言说。莫言小说的狂欢化叙事既体现出对原始蓬勃生命力的审美观照,也在一定程度上展现出狂放不羁的生命样态,两者互为因果,互为表里,相得益彰。

The folk world written by Mo Yan has been eliminated from rules of civilization and law authority,therefore,it is full of vigorous vitality and shows a orgiastic life form.This orgiastic folk world resonates with Bakhtin’s poem theory of carnivalization.The arrangement of orgiastic scenes,the use of polyphonic narrative structure make Mo Yan’s literature world full of heteroglossia.In this limited time and space domain,people of various classes talked with each other in a equal and free way.On one hand,method of carnival narration in Mo Yan’s novels shows esthetic appreciation of primitive vitality;on the other hand,it also shows vigorous life forms.These two dimensions are inside of each other and complement each other.