河流景观生态学的发展与当前核心议题

Advances and current core issues in riverscape ecology

河流景观生态学已成为河流科学研究与应用的新范式,但国内研究还颇为不足。从河流景观生态学发展的逻辑必然性、主要进程、基本内容与重要理论等方面进行了总结。结果显示,多尺度跨学科整体论河流认识要求和景观尺度上处理河流问题的实践需求共同推动河流景观生态学的迅速发展,其中心议题是河流物理景观系统与生物系统在不同等级尺度上的结构、格局与功能过程,尤其重视物理景观与不同等级生物系统的相互作用关系,对河流景观多尺度等级性、高动态性和有向性等突出性质的认识已取得重要理论发展。指出当前面临5个方面的核心议题亟需取得突破:改进和统一河流景观分类系统、河流景观跨尺度研究、河流景观方法对经典河流生态理论的再认识、河流景观机理与模拟、河流景观对气候变化与区域土地利用/覆被变化的响应研究。

Riverscape ecology has emerged as a new paradigm for river science and its applications,but the discipline faces challenges before it can be considered a full-fledged academic discipline. We review riverscape ecological literature covering the period from 1986 through 2018. The logical necessity,major processes,study scopes,important theoretical advances,and current core issues of riverscape ecology are summarized. We found that a multi-scale,interdisciplinary,holistic view is required to understand rivers,and the need for landscape-scale insights into the problems faced by river-management projects has driven the rapid development of riverscape research. The central topic in riverscape ecology is to understand the structure,patterns,and functional processes of a river’s physical landscape and biological system across multiple scales,with a particular emphasis on their interaction at different hierarchical levels.Some theoretical models have been developed to characterize the critical attributes of riverscapes,such as their multiple scales and hierarchies,pronounced dynamism,and marked directionality. We establish five core issues that must be addressed to advance the state of riverscape ecology study: improving and achieving a generally accepted riverscape classification system,advancing multi-and cross-scale studies,re-recognition of classic river ecology theories in the context of riverscape approaches,exploring and simulating riverscape mechanisms,and modeling responses of riverscapes to the climate changes and the regional land use/cover change.