家庭教育方式和隔代抚养对小学生心理问题倾向的影响

Effect of family education methods and parental rearing or not on the psychological problem tendency of primary school students

目的探讨家庭教育方式和抚养方式对小学生心理问题倾向的影响。方法采用心理健康诊断测验(mental health test,MHT)对东莞市2838名小学生进行问卷调查。结果(1)MHT结果显示94.28%的小学生心理正常,4.29%的小学生存在心理问题倾向,1.43%的小学生存在严重心理问题倾向,其中以学习焦虑、身体症状和过敏倾向较突出。(2)家庭教育方式为专制型、民主型、溺爱型和忽视型的小学生MHT总分分别为(34.84±14.58)分、(31.04±13.60)分、(35.19±12.82)分和(41.19±13.10)分,不同教育方式的小学生恐怖倾向维度评分差异无统计学意义(F=2.33,P=0.054),MHT的总分和其他维度的差异有统计学意义(F=4.35~16.88,P<0.01)。(3)是否隔代抚养的小学生心理问题倾向总分、学习焦虑、对人焦虑、过敏倾向和冲动倾向维度差异有统计学意义(t=2.09~3.67,P<0.05);而孤独倾向、自责倾向、身体症状、恐怖倾向维度间差异无统计学意义(P >0.05)。结论家庭教育方式以及隔代抚养对小学生心理问题倾向有一定的影响。

Objective To explore the impact of family education methods and parental rearing or not on the psychological problem tendency of primary school students.Methods The mental health test(MHT)was used on getting mental health data of the 2 838 primary school students from Dongguan city.Results(1)The results of MHT showed that 94.28% of primary school students had no psychological problems,the tendency rate of psychological problems was 4.29%,and 1.43% of them were suffering from serious psychological problems.Learning anxiety,physical symptoms and allergy tendency were more prominent.(2)The total MHT scores of primary school students with authoritarian,democratic,permissive and neglected family education methods were(34.84±14.58),(31.04±13.60),(35.19±12.82)and(41.19±13.10)respectively.There was no statistically significant difference in the terrorist tendency dimension scores of primary school students with different education methods(F=2.33,P=0.054),and the differences in the MHT total score and other dimensions were statistically significant(F=4.35-16.88,P<0.01).(3)There were statistically significant differences in the scores of the total score of psychological problem tendency,dimensions of learning anxiety,anxiety to people,allergy tendency and impulse tendency of primary school students who were parental rearing or not(t=2.09-3.67,P<0.05).However,there was no statistically significant difference in the dimensions of loneliness tendency,self-accusation tendency,physical symptoms and terrorist tendency(P >0.05).Conclusion Family education methods and parenting styles has a impact on the mental health of primary school students.