儿童青少年体力活动行为及影响因素分析

Physical activity of children and adolescents and its influencing factors

目的以计划行为理论(theory of planned behavior,TPB)为基础探讨儿童青少年体力活动水平及其影响因素。方法通过加速度器和中文版计划行为理论量表(theory of planned behavior scales,TPB)对353名8~15岁学生的中高强度体力活动时间与TPB模型各要素进行测量与调查。结果①研究结果显示仅有5.3%的儿童青少年达到了WHO所规定的至少参加60min中高强度体力活动(moderate-to-vigorous physical activity,MVPA)推荐量。②人口学差异结果显示,儿童青少年在态度(t=1.360,P<0.01)、MVPA行为意向(t=2.076,P<0.01)、MVPA活动时间(t=2.076,P<0.05)上存在显著的性别差异,主观规范和感知行为控制在性别方面差异无统计学意义(P >0.05);在行为态度(F(5,352)=2.627,P<0.05)、MVPA行为意向(F(5,352)=2.890,P<0.05)、MVPA活动时间(F(5,352)=6.156,P<0.01)存在年级差异。③回归方程模型的结果显示:MVPA行为意向(β=0.130,P<0.01)与MVPA活动时间存在显著正相关,对MVPA活动时间的方差解释率为0.4%。感知行为控制(β=0.496,P<0.01)和行为态度(β=0.155,P<0.01)联合预测MVPA行为意向1.8%的变异量。结论儿童青少年参与MVPA活动时间未达到国际推荐量,其行为意向决定了儿童青少年参与MVPA活动时间。

Objective To examine children and adolescents physical activity level and its influencing factors based on the theory of planned behavior(TPB).Methods A total of 353 students aged 8-15 were chosen as samples.Accelerometers were used to measure the moderate-to-vigorous physical activity(MVPA)time and a TPB scale was used to measure the TPB constructs.Results ①Research results showed that only 5.3% of the participating children and adolescents reached the recommended 60 min MVPA each day.②There were significant gender differences in the attitude(t=1.360,P<0.01),MVPA intention(t=2.076,P<0.01)and MVPA time(t=2.076,P<0.05)of children and adolescents.However,there was no significant differences in their subjective norms and perceived behavioral control(P >0.05).Significant grade differences were also observed for attitude(F(5,352)=2.627,P<0.05),MVPA intention(F(5,352)=2.890,P<0.05)and MVPA time(F(5,352)=6.156,P<0.01).③The regression results showed that MVPA intention(β=0.130,P<0.01)was significantly related to MVPA time and it explained 0.4% variance.Perceived behavioral control(β=0.496,P<0.01)and attitude(β=0.155,P<0.01)were significantly associated with MVPA intention and explained 1.8% variance.Conclusion The average MVPA time of children and adolescents in this study do not achieve the international recommendation level and the behavioral intention determines their MVPA time.