珠江三角洲湿地公园的空间分布特征及其影响因素分析

Spatial Distribution of Wetland Parks and Its Influence Factors in Pearl River Delta

在地理信息系统可视化空间分析平台上,采用空间分析与统计方法,研究珠江三角洲湿地公园空间分布特征及其影响因素,以期为湿地公园空间分析提供新方法。研究结果表明,珠江三角洲湿地公园处于中期快速发展阶段,各市湿地公园发展不均衡;珠江三角洲湿地公园的整体空间分布格局呈西北-东南走向,其标准差椭圆中心偏离珠江三角洲全部湿地椭圆中心,偏东北方向,湿地公园的整体分布表现为集聚分布,但是,集聚程度并不高;在市域尺度上,东莞市成为珠江三角洲湿地公园空间分布的高密度热点区,深圳市、珠海市和中山市则为中密度次热点区,其它市级城市中的湿地公园在空间上分布较均匀;珠江三角洲湿地公园空间分布是以自然资源为空间载体,以人口、经济与政策等为驱动因素。

Wetland parks emerged as a new kind of areas for protection of the wetlands, which have played an important role in protecting the habitat of numerous species and received great concerns from governments and scholars in recent years. Wetland parks have not only provided an effective way to solve the contradiction between wetland protection and development, but also a wide range of social service function to develop ecotourism. At the same time, exploring the contradiction between the vulnerability of ecological fragile areas and maintaining the wetland original habitat in the wetland parks were characterized as important infrastructure for ecosystem research, which shows theoretic significance and practical value for studying systems of the wetland parks. Geographic information system mapping techniques is a useful tool for exploring the construction in the wetland park system of Pearl River Delta of China. It can not only visualize the current spatial structure of the wetland parks in Pearl River Delta of China, but also reflect the wetland resources utilization,wetland management efficiency. Therefore, by using geographic information system and the methods of standard deviational ellipse, kernel density estimation, and nearest neighbor index, the spatial distribution of 68 wetland parks in Pearl River Delta was analyzed. The influence factors from the aspects of natural geography,social economy and cultural environment were discussed by geographic information system and statistics. The results showed that the wetland parks in Pearl River Delta were in the middle stage of rapid development, and the development number and level of the wetland parks in different cities were uneven. Based on the regional scale, the spatial distribution pattern of the wetland parks in Pearl River Delta was calculated using the standard deviation ellipse. The spatial distribution standard deviation ellipse of all wetland parks was in eastern and northern Pearl River Delta and showed a northwest-southeast pattern, and the center of the standard deviation ellipse of all wetland parks exhibited deviation from the center of the whole wetlands in Pearl River Delta;the results of kernel density analysis showed that Dongguan city displayed the high-density hot-spot among all the wetland parks in Pearl River Delta, followed by Shenzhen, Zhuhai and Zhongshan. The spatial distribution of other cities’ wetland parks was even. The results of the nearest distance index showed that the wetland parks in Pearl River Delta generally exhibited an aggregated distribution, but the degree of aggregated distribution was not high. The spatial distribution of the wetland parks in Pearl River Delta was mainly controlled by wetland resources and driven by population, economy and policies. The social economy was the external environment for the construction of the wetland parks, which could provide financial foundation and tourists for the large-scale development of the wetland parks. The policies played an important role in guiding the direction of the wetland parks development and affecting the process of wetland parks construction. In addition, standard deviation ellipse method can not only subtly describe the spatial distribution of the different features, but also can quantitatively analyze the extent of spatial distribution variance, and it is proved to be a new method for reference to study the spatial analysis.