四川绵阳三江湖国家湿地公园中的水鸟群落物种多样性

Diversity of Waterbird Community in Sichuan Mianyang Sanjiang Lake National Wetland Park

2016年10月~2017年4月,采用固定样线法,对四川绵阳三江湖国家湿地公园中的水鸟群落进行了调查和观测,共记录水鸟7目11科55种,其占全国水鸟总数的20.30%;其中,有国家一级保护鸟类1种,国家二级保护鸟类2种,省级重点保护鸟类9种;水鸟群落以红头潜鸭(Aythya ferina)、凤头潜鸭(Aythya fuligula)和红嘴鸥(Larus ridibundus)为优势种。在该湿地公园内,各月记录的水鸟数量和种类有较大差异,12月的水鸟数量最多,共记录水鸟7 496只;4月的水鸟数量最少,为245只;3月和11月的水鸟种类数相同,且达到最大值,为41种;4月的水鸟种类最少,为18种。水鸟主要分布在三江湖国家湿地公园内的中脊岛、桃花岛、涪江一号桥至三江大坝和大坝下游等处。

From October 2016 to April 2017, a monitoring of the diversity and abundance of the water birds was conducted in Sichuan Mianyang Sanjiang Lakes National Wetland Park with the method of fixed transects. A total of 55 species of water birds, belonging to 7 orders and 11 families, were recorded, which was 20.3% of the number of total species of the water birds in China. Among them, one species was listed as the first-grade national protective animals in China and 2 species as the second-grade. In addition, 9 species were included in the key protective animals in Sichuan province. Three species(Aythya ferina, Aythya fuligula, Larus ridibundus) were dominant with high quantity during the investigation. The species composition and quantity of water birds in Sichuan Mianyang Sanjiang Lakes National Wetland Park showed obvious seasonal changes. In December, 7 496 individuals of water birds were recorded, which was the highest abundance, and in April, only 245 individuals were recorded, which was the lowest. The greatest number of species was recorded in both March and November, which were 41 species. While only 18 species of water birds were recorded in April, which was the least during our investigation. Water birds were mainly distributed in Zhongji Island, Taohua Island, Fujiang No.1 Bridge to Sanjiang dam and downstream of the dam.