丙型肝炎病毒检测方法及影响因素研究进展

Recent Advances in Detection Methods and Influence Factors of Hepatitis C Virus

丙型肝炎是世界面临的公共健康问题,丙型肝炎病毒HCV的变异程度高、感染隐蔽性强,慢性化程度高,HCV感染的早期实验室筛查及确证对丙型肝炎的防治至关重要。HCV的实验室检测技术主要针对HCV抗体、HCV核心抗原及HCV RNA,包括酶联免疫吸附法、化学发光免疫分析法、重组免疫印迹法、PCR法等;基因测序、限制性片段长度多态性分析、基因芯片技术等则主要应用于基因分型检测,对临床治疗和疾病控制具有重要意义。本文对HCV的筛查、确证、分型等实验室检测技术进行了总结,分析了可能造成假阳性或假阴性检测结果的影响因素,并针对可能的影响因素提出了相应的解决方案,以期为实验室HCV检测方法的选择及提高检测结果准确率提供参考。

Hepatitis C is a public health problem inthe world.HCV virus is highly variable and infection has strong concealment as well ashigh degree of chronic infection.Early screening and confirmation of HCV infection is vital to the prevention and treatment of hepatitis C.Laboratory tests of HCV mainly focus on HCV antibodies, HCV core antigens and HCV RNA,Detection methods include ELISA (Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assays), CLIA (Chemiluminescence Immunoassays),RIBA (Recombinant Immunoblot Assays),PCR,etc.Gene sequencing,RFLP (Restriction fragment length polymorphism)and gene chip technology are mainly used for genotyping detection,which is important for clinical treatment and disease control.In this paper,HCV screening,validation, genotyping and other laboratory testing techniques are summarized.The influencing factors that may cause false positive or false negative test results were analyzed,and corresponding solutions were proposed for the possible influencing factors,so as to provide references for the selection of laboratory HCV test methods and the improvement of the accuracy of test results.