基层医务人员疫苗及安全接种知信行调查及影响因素分析

Analysis on knowledge,attitude and practice of vaccines and safe vaccination among healthcare workers and related influencing factors

目的了解太原市基层医务人员对疫苗及安全接种的认知、态度、行为现状。方法自行设计调查问卷,对太原市杏花岭区和小店区基层医务人员171名进行疫苗及安全接种知信行调查,并分析影响因素。结果问卷预调查的Kappa值在0.576-1.000,一致性较好。医务人员对疫苗作用的知晓率最高(98.8%,169/171);而对疫苗储存不当引起的不良反应知晓率最低(15.2%,26/171)。Logistic回归分析显示,医务人员"近3年是否接种自费疫苗"(OR=3.323,95%CI:1.001-11.031)和"是否主动了解疫苗相关知识"(OR=5.811,95%CI:2.157-15.650)是知识得分的主要影响因素;科室(OR=20.174,95%CI:2.548-159.705)和月收入(OR=16.859,95%CI:1.833-150.947)是态度的主要影响因素;无任何自变量进入行为分组的回归方程。疫苗及安全接种知识与态度、态度与行为、知识与行为均正相关(r=0.436、0.376和0.209,P均<0.01)。结论被调查基层医务人员对疫苗及安全接种的态度、行为尚可,但对预防接种知识认识不够全面,建议加强医务人员相关知识的培训。

Objective To understand the current situation of knowledge, attitude and practice (KAP) of vaccines and safe vaccination among healthcare workers in Taiyuan City.Methods A total of 171 healthcare workers working in Xinghualing District and Xiaodian District of Taiyuan were selected as the subjects. A self-designed questionnaire was used to investigate the KAP of vaccines and safe vaccination among these healthcare workers, and to analyze the influencing factors.Results The Kappa value of this questionnaire was 0.576-1.000 with good consistency. The awareness rate of vaccine effect was the highest (98.8%, 169/171) , while additional adverse reactions caused by improperly storing was the lowest (15.2%, 26/171) . Logistic regression analysis showed that "whether to vaccinate at your own expense in the last three years" (OR=3.323, 95%CI: 1.001-11.031) and "whether to understand vaccine related knowledge initiatively" (OR=5.811, 95%CI: 2.157-15.650) were the main influencing factors of knowledge. The department (OR=20.174, 95%CI: 2.548-159.705) and monthly income (OR=16.859, 95%CI:1.833-150.947) were the main influencing factors of attitude. None of independent variable entered into the regression equation of the behavior group. Linear correlation analysis showed that scores between knowledge and attitude, knowledge and behavior, attitude and behavior were positively correlated (r=0.436, 0.376 and 0.209;P all <0.01) .Conclusions The attitude and practice of vaccines and safe vaccination among the investigated healthcare workers are acceptable, but the knowledge of vaccination is not comprehensive. It is suggested to strengthen the training of medical knowledge.