论二程如何化用《孟子》

Cheng Hao and Cheng Yi's Neo-Confucian Appropriations of the Mencius

二程在孟子及《孟子》升格运动中发挥了重要作用。二程的孟子诠释学禀承孟子"以意逆志"的精神,主张义理是经典所载之道,而文意则是载道之具。二程在孟子的启发下发展了自己的诠释学,并将其应用于诠释《孟子》本身。重要的不是理解《孟子》书中每个字的字面意思,而是要把握《孟子》作为经典所承载的道。论文进而以"性""推""自得"为例考察二程如何化用《孟子》。二程同样强调孟子性善论的重要性,认为人生而具有完善的德性,同时从性情之辨、性气之辨等方面发展了性善论。"推"的概念在二程那里比在孟子那里还要重要,能不能"推"成为人禽之辨的标志。孟子的"自得"帮助二程对"德性之知"作了深入阐发。

The Cheng brothers have played an important role in the movement elevating the status of Mencius and the Mencius.Their Mencian hermeneutics follows Mencius'idea of "knowing the original intention of its author with one's understanding of its meaning".They emphasize that the underlying principle (yili)is the Dao carried by classics,while the literary meaning (wenyi)serves to carry the underlying principle.They develop their hermeneutics from the inspiration of Mencius,which they also apply to their interpretation of the Mencius itself.So what is important is not to take every word recorded in the Mencius literally but to grasp the Dao carried in the Mencius as a classics.Then this paper makes an examination of three examples of their appropriation of the Mencius,the ideas of human nature,extension,and self-getting respectively. They emphasize the significance of Mencius's view of human nature as good,believing that human beings are born with complete virtues.Moreover,they develop Mencius's view of human nature as good in discussing the relationship between human nature and human emotions,and that between human nature and material qi as well.The concept "extension"turns out to be even more central for the Cheng brothers.It is the capacity of "extension"that serves as a distinguishing mark of being human.Cheng brothers have elaborated on the knowledge of/as virtue with Mencius's idea of "self-getting".