“人心之危,道心之微”本义考——兼论《大禹谟》“虞廷十六字”的真伪

A Study of the Original Meaning of “Ren Xin Zhi Wei,Dao Xin Zhi Wei”——With the Discussion of the Authenticity of “Sixteen Words” in Counsels of Great Yu in The Book of History

《荀子·解蔽》篇所引《道经》"人心之危,道心之微"的本义,是说一般人的思想要自我端正,要严格要求;而掌握了道的"至人"的思想则"无为",不需要道德的约束、纪律的束缚。其主旨是强调君主"无为而治",反对其陷于事务主义。此与《论语·卫灵公》篇所载孔子"无为"说、《周易·系辞传》"垂衣裳而天下治"说等精神完全一致,《荀子》书中也很常見,属于典型的儒家的"无为而治"论。

The original meaning of "Ren Xin Zhi Wei,Dao Xin Zhi Wei"quoted in Xunzi, from the literature called Dao Jing,is to say that the common people's thought should be self-corrected and strictly demanded,while the thought of "the perfect human"who had mastered Dao is the inaction,and he does not need the restriction of morality and discipline.The purport is to emphasize the "rule of inaction"and against routinism.This is completely consistent with Confucius thought of "inaction"in Analects and the theory of "governing the world by sitting quietly"in Xi Ci Zhuan of The Book of Changes,and is also common in Xunzi,which belonging to the typical Confucian theory of "governing by inaction".