分化与趋同的网络文学

The Differentiation and Convergence of Internet Literature

塑造中文网络文学的主要外部力量来自新媒介精英的技术理想,资本增长的更新需求以及权力意志的扶植与规训。2018被看作"中国网络文学20年",年内公布的多个榜单显示着不同外部力量在网络文学生成中的作用以及它们之间的权力对比。塑造网络文学的外部力量并非均衡对等,精英和资本在向权力意志的归附中形成协作。在这种协作下,精英话语中的网络文学从挑战者转变为有参考价值的民间阅读风向;资本以培育消费增长点和打造新经济模式换取产业政策扶植;权力意志在监管限度内赋予某些题材有限的开放性,从而获取民意及网络管理经验。三方合力塑造下的网络文学虽以实用主义为主流,但在丰富民众通俗阅读需求,提升文学娱乐价值方面发挥着积极作用,并以迂回的柔性话语策略不断试探新媒介话题的边界。在这个试探过程中,网络文学内部的能动性力量,即网文作者、读者和网站编辑也结成联盟,在作品话题的选择与规避、模式的稳定与突破以及经济利益的保障与增长等方面推进,以网络文学作品实践拓宽当代文学、通俗文学和青年文化的多维面向。

Chinese internet literature was shaped by three forces.They are the media ideal of intellectual,the renewing demand of capital and the discipline and punishment by power will.2018 is viewed as the 20th anniversary of Chinese internet literature.From the evaluation lists on internet literature released by different departments,the influences by different forces can be seen.Analyzing the key words summarized from different aspects outlines a trace of internet literature.The three shaping forces are not equal.The former two forces compromise to power will for collaboration.The intellectual force gives up the challenging idea to earn a flexible censorship environment.The capital cultivates the increasing market to earn support from power will.The power allows limited openness at the edge of regulation,to access public opinion and to acquire experience on new media management.The development of internet literature is both distinct and continuous,which is not due to the competition of multi forces,but due to the three forces actually becoming a domain controlling alliance.In internet literature,although the pragmatism is the mainstream,this literature on new media does enriching the mass reading demand,elevating the value of literary entertainment,and broadening the multi-dimensions of literature by detour and flexibility in the adjustment of ideology censorship.