代际“资产并表”、同类婚与贫富分化代际增强——人口政策与市场转型的叠加效应

Intergenerational “Asset Consolidation” and Homogamy:the Superposition Effect of Population Policy and Market Transformation on Intergenerational Enhancement of Wealth Inequality

本文用两代视角说明人口政策与几乎同期发生的市场化转型之间的叠加效应对处于不同“时代”的个人及其家庭财富关系产生影响的具体机制、过程及后果。文章揭示,以直系组家庭为单位考察财富分层与代际流动现象会发现,由于中国经济发展过程与独生子女政策实施中交叠存在的城乡差异,以及同类婚模式的盛行,原本已经存在的家庭财富不平等,可能会经由具有中国特色的代际转移行为——代际“资产并表”,以及无成本的遗产继承等机制被固化、复制,甚至放大、增强。本文建议通过增强家庭自身的功能和坚韧性,以及进行遗赠税收调节减少富裕阶层实际获得的遗赠比例用于扶助最底层民众等方式遏制、阻断贫富分化的代际增强机制,促进社会和谐发展。

From a two-generation perspective,this article tries to illustrate how the superposition effect of the population policy and the almost concurrent market transformation impacts the wealth relationship across different generations.An examination of wealth stratification and intergenerational wealth transfer using immediate family as the unit shows that,due to urban-rural disparity resulting from the superposition of Chinese economic development and the one-child policy,plus the prevalence of homogamy,the already grave inequality of family wealth may undergo a process of Chinese-styled intergenerational transfer,the so-called intergenerational "asset consolidation",during which wealth inequality is fixed,duplicated,and amplified.Furthermore,the situation is even strengthened by the tax-free inheritance mechanism.The author suggests that,in order to curb and block the intergenerational strengthening trend of polarization between the rich and the poor and to promote the harmonious development of society,the government should enhance the family's own functions and resilience, and reduce the proportion of bequests along the lineage of affluent families to help people of the lowest class.