从初创到改革:中国特色社会主义文物事业的探索之路

From Initiation to Reform:the Exploration of Socialist Cultural Relics with Chinese Characteristics

本文分阶段总结了有中国特色的社会主义文物事业,是怎样根据持续发展和变动的中国国情进行调适,在上下求索的艰辛努力中一路走来的。力求鉴往知今,厘清中国文物事业的发展需要怎样不断地认识和符合国情,应该坚持什么、完善什么、创新什么,以利于分析当前态势,规划未来愿景。中华人民共和国成立初期国情下的文物保护利用,具有六方面的特点。至改革开放前,文物事业虽屡经风波,但总体上制定并实行了一系列政策与法规,专业队伍建设及各项业务都取得了显著成就,为进一步发展奠定了基础。改革开放新时期的文物保护工作,发展速度快,建设规模大,制定了一系列新的方针政策,提出了新的理念和目标,创设了新的制度和机制。同时,当代中国正处在高速城镇化的进程中,同世界其他文物大国、文明古国相比,优势、特色与不足并存,需要认真总结发展中的经验与教训,取长补短。

This paper summarizes the cause of socialist cultural relics with Chinese characteristics and how to adjust to the sustainable development and changing national conditions.There are six characteristics in the protection and utilization of cultural relics in the early days of the founding of the People’s Republic of China.Before the reform and opening up in 1978,although the cause of cultural relics experienced many storms,on the whole,a series of policies and regulations were formulated and implemented,which laid a foundation for further development.Cultural relics protection in the new period of reform and opening up has developed rapidly.New ideas and objectives are put forward and new systems and mechanisms are created.On the other hand,China is in the process of high-speed urbanization.Compared with other large cultural relics and ancient civilizations in the world,advantages,characteristics and shortcomings coexist.