道德人格与做人精神:陆象山心学的究极归向

Moral Personality and the Spirit of Being Human:the Ultimate Direction of Lu Xiang-shan’s Philosophy of Mind

在两宋理学家中,陆象山以其强烈的心学色彩独树一帜。心学当然代表着陆象山对其学说的一种基本自觉,但对于象山心学,学术界要么对其以哲学的即以所谓体系化、理论化的方式进行学理性分析;要么将其视为一种教育学理论,从而进行所谓知识传授学或道德知识传授学的比附。所有这些,固然在一定程度上揭示了象山心学的某些特征,就对象山心学的认识而言,也有一定程度的深入,但也存在着一定的不切实际之处。从陆象山的相关论述及其深层关怀来看,如何培养人的道德人格与做人精神,代表着象山心学的究极归向,也是其学说之所以成立的根本依据所在。

In the Neo-Confucianism of the Northern and Southern Dynasties,Lu Xiang-shan was unique in his study of mind.Of course,the study of mind represents Lu Xiang-shan’s basic consciousness of his theory.But for the study of mind,the academic circles either analyze it rationally in a philosophical and theoretical way,or regard it as a pedagogical theory so as to make a comparison between the so-called imparting of knowledge and imparting of moral knowledge.From Lu Xiang-shan’s related expositions and his deep concern,how to cultivate people’s moral personality and the spirit of being a man represents the ultimate direction of Xiang-shan’s study of mind,which is also the fundamental basis for the establishment of his theory.