厌烦与现代人的自我实践

Boredom and Modern Self-practice

随着现代性的推进,一方面,传统上维系着现实世界和生活之意义的神圣源泉被切断;另一方面,几乎所有人都被一步步绑上了像"永动机"一般按自己的逻辑和惯性运转的理性机器,身不由己地随着它的节律一再地重复那与生命的根本性意义断裂脱节的所谓工作,由此产生了一种"本体性"的厌烦。我们不能说现代人的自我实践就是为了摆脱厌烦,但是当厌烦成为"本体性"的,亦即不是联系于某一特定事物而是联系于自我状态时,人们对这种厌烦感的应对克服就成为一个关乎其自我实践的问题。韦伯的"人格"论述诠释了一种"招魂"式的自我修炼型自我实践,齐美尔、福柯诠释了一种"无边的挑战"的自我实践,但这两种自我实践路径存在着各自的困难,均无法克服现代人那种本体性的厌烦。马克思则描绘了一条个体在"共同体"中实现自我的路径。在真正的共同体,或者说自由人的联合体,离我们尚很遥远的今天,也许可以在一个既不受权力逻辑主宰,也不由金钱逻辑支配的、自愿合作的社会领域为自我实践、自我实现找到一个合适的舞台。

With the advancement of modernity,almost all of us are bound up step by step with a rational machine which operates according to our logic and inertia like a perpetual motion machine.We can’t help repeating the so-called work which is disconnected from the fundamental meaning of life with its rhythm,thus creating a kind of"ontological"boredom.Overcoming this boredom becomes a question of self-practice.Marx described a path for individuals to realize themselves in the"community".In the real community,or the union of free men,which is still far away from us,we may find a suitable stage for self-practice and self-realization in a social field of voluntary cooperation,which is neither dominated by power logic nor by money logic.