特大城市基层社会治理困境及其消解路径研究

Study on the Dilemma of Grassroots Social Governance in Megacity and Its Elimination Path

改革开放以来,我国特大城市发展具有时空压缩性,特大城市经济社会实现了跨越式发展,但与此同时,基层社会问题也大量涌现。由于特大城市具有社会结构复杂、利益分化严重、社会向心力弱化、社会事务繁多等特点,加剧了特大城市基层社会矛盾和社会冲突。特大城市已成为社会风险高发的场域,对特大城市基层社会实行有效治理迫在眉睫。然而,从目前我国特大城市基层社会治理的实践来看,存在诸多问题,具体表现出维稳目标与手段趋向异化、非制度化治理现象盛行、碎片化治理现象突显、过分追求技术理性、治理成果难以共享等现实样态。面对治理困境,以共建共治共享为治理价值取向,从改革维稳机制和激发社会活力、创新治理工具、实现社会治理法治化和制度化、构建整体性治理范式等方面试图消解特大城市基层社会治理的困境,以期为实现特大城市基层社会治理现代化探明路径。

Since the reform and opening up,the development of China’s megacities has been compressed in time and space.Their economic and social development has achieved leap-forward development,but at the same time,a large number of grassroots social problems have emerged here. Because of the complex social structure,serious interest differentiation,weakening social centripetal force and numerous social affairs,mega-cities have intensified the social contradictions and social conflicts at the grass-roots level. In another word,megacities have become a field with high social risks,and it is extremely urgent to implement effective governance in the grassroots society in these places. However,from the current practice of grassroots social governance in China’s megacities,there are many problems,specifically,the alienation of stabilization objectives and means,the prevalence of non-institutional governance,the phenomenon of fragmented governance,the excessive pursuit of technical rationality,and the difficulty of sharing governance achievements. Faced with the dilemma of governance,we should take co-construction,co-governance and sharing as the value orientation,and try to eliminate the problems from the aspects of reforming the mechanism of maintaining stability and stimulating social vitality,innovating governance tools,realizing the legalization and institutionalization of social governance,and constructing a holistic governance paradigm,so as to realize the modernization of grass-roots social governance in megacities.