对共享经济背景下使用窃盗问题的反思——以英美法财产犯罪为视角

Reflections on Unauthorized Temporary Use of Others' Property under Sharing-economy Background:From the Perspective of Property Crimes in Anglo-American Law

刑法受到经济社会不断发展的影响,其中一个直接的反映就是概念上的财产和财产犯罪的联动在不同时期呈现出不一样的样态。现代共享经济模式并没有对私有财产制度形成挑战。在共享经济视角下反观盗窃罪,特别是暂时剥夺他人对于财产支配权的使用盗窃情形是否具有相同的刑法意义,以及在相较于使用价值更为注重交换价值环境下,是否要将暂时剥夺他人对于财产的持有或利用行为入罪,都值得深层次思考。对盗窃罪保护法益之争和盗窃罪的保护界限的判断都必须依据刑法目的来进行,在当前刑法没有明确将使用盗窃纳入盗窃罪的前提下,实践中不宜将使用盗窃取得的利益扩张解释进对盗窃罪中财物的解释,成为盗窃罪的犯罪对象。"参与共有资源的权利"将是未来最根本的财产权,但从历史进程来看,人类社会还没有完成从"所有权"向"取用权"的转型,故将使用盗窃入罪尚非其时。

As the constantly-developed economic society continues to influence the criminal law,one of the direct demonstrations lies in obviously different presentation around relation between property and property crime at the conceptual level in different stages.Actually,the modern sharing-economy mode has no challenge to the institution of private property.With the sharingeconomy view,does it have the same meaning to look back theft crimes,specially temporarily those that deprive property possessing right of others?Or comparing with the condition of focusing on exchange value rather than value in use,does it have any necessity to list possession or use behavior by temporarily depriving others' property in illegal activity?There are many wait-to-answer questions worthy to be deeply considered.Quite a lot of arguments around theft crimes related to legal interest and boundaries of protection need to be discussed following aims of criminal law.On the premise that the current criminal law has not listed such unauthorized temporary use of others' property into theft crimes.So it is inappropriate to expend the interpretation of benefits obtained from such usage possession to properties thereof and even interpret as final crime target."Participation Rights of Shared Resource"would be one of the fundamental property rights in the future.But from the course of history,the human society still has not evolved from "Ownership"to"Accessibility".Therefore it would be premature to list such unauthorized temporary use of other's property into the criminal law.