先锋队引领与赋力村庄:精准扶贫何以落地生根?——以湘西苗寨十八洞村为例

The leadership of the poverty-alleviation pioneers and the empowerment of villages:How can targeted poverty alleviation take root? A case study of 18-Hole Hmong Village in western Hunan province

精准扶贫是全面建成小康社会的重要抓手,更是检验我国坚定走中国特色社会主义道路是否成功的重要标志之一。湘西苗族十八洞村作为习近平"精准扶贫"重要思想的首倡地,其在深刻领会和全面贯彻落实精准扶贫思想中创造了精准扶贫、精准脱贫的"村级样本"。湘西十八洞村整村脱贫的经验叙事回应了当前精准扶贫何以能在少数民族地区落地生根的时代命题,而其中的关键在于注重扶贫先锋队的引领以及紧紧围绕赋力村庄来开展精准扶贫的工作。透过十八洞村双贫困的样态,扶贫先锋队在精准扶贫过程中从抓住贫困问题导向、重塑村庄秩序和赋力村庄这三个方面来践行"看真贫、扶真贫、真扶贫"的主张。同时在认清贫困群众既是脱贫攻坚的对象,更是脱贫致富主体的基础上,扶贫先锋队在引领上以激发村庄内生动力为核心,统合扶智、扶志和赋能三项工作,将扶贫工作与乡村振兴相结合,进而真正实现赋力村庄。

Targeted poverty alleviation is not only an important starting point for building a well-off society in an all-round way,but also one important indicator showing whether China’s road to socialism with Chinese characteristics is successful. As an initiative of Xi Jinping’s important idea of"targeted poverty alleviation",the 18-Hole Hmong Village in western Hunan province has created a"village sample"of targeted poverty alleviation in the profound understanding and comprehensive implementation of the principle of targeted poverty alleviation. The experience-based narrative of poverty alleviation in this village responds to the current proposition that targeted poverty alleviation can take root in ethnic minority areas. The key point is to focus on the leadership of the poverty alleviation pioneers and the empowerment of villages to carry out targeted poverty alleviation work. This case reveals that the poverty alleviation pioneers should concentrate in the process of precision poverty alleviation on the three aspects of grasping the key poverty problems,reshaping the village order and empowering the village. At the same time,the poverty alleviation pioneers should know that the poor are both the target and the subject of poverty alleviation projects,and should lead the villagers to stimulate their inner motivation and integrate the three aspects of training in intelligence,ambition and ability through the integration of the poverty alleviation work with rural revitalization in the process of realizing the empowerment of the villages.