塔吉克斯坦的劳务移民输出及其影响

On Tajikistan Labor Emigrants and Its Impacts

移民问题是当代塔吉克斯坦国家、社会与经济建设的重要议题之一。早在苏联时代,农业集体化及内部移民安置等政策,就已对塔吉克斯坦移民结构产生了深刻影响。近些年来,随着劳务移民数量的增多,移民经济与移民汇款逐渐成为塔吉克斯坦国民经济的重要组成部分,劳工出口也逐渐替代商品贸易,成为塔吉克斯坦经济建设的重要支柱。然而,劳务移民的大量外溢,在很大程度上,导致了本国多领域优秀人才以及青壮年劳动力的大量流失,给塔吉克斯坦的社会经济建设带来了新的难题。

Labor migration is one of the most important issues in the d evelopment of the contemporary society and economy in Tajikistan. Early in the Sovi et era, Tajikistan migration structure was influenced by the collective construction in rural areas and the domestic resettlement policy. In recent years, with the growing emigrants, the migration economy and remittances have gradually become an important part of Tajikistan national economic structure. Labor exports also gradually replaced commodity trade, and became an important pillar for Tajikistan economy. However, the massive spillover of labor migration, to a great extent, has caused the outflow of a large number of young and middle-aged laborers, causing new problems to Tajikistan social and economic construction.