清水江文书中“股”的特殊称谓、分配机制及其社会关系

The Special Appellations, Distribution Mechanisms and Its Social Relations of "Share" in Qingshui River Documents

清水文书中"股"的计算单位除了常规的"股"之外,还有"两""甲"等特殊称谓。通过考察康熙以来(尤其是乾隆时代)清水江林契发现:对村寨无主荒山林地瓜分、对"祖遗"林地山场分股,以及"股"的再次分配,是清水江林文书"股"之形成的简要机制。"股"的买卖与分配,不仅体现出清水江林业生产是一种经济行业,而且还体现出村民个人私有财产化观念的本质,同时还体现出一种维系村寨内宗族、家族纽带,以及村寨之间社会经济的张力。

There are special appellations such as "Liang"and "Jia"in Qingshui Documents besides the conventional unit of "share".Through the investigation of forestry contracts since Kangxi (especially Qianlong Period),the brief mechanism of the formation of the "share"in Qingshui River Documents are found in the division of the uninhabited forest village lands,the share distribution of the "ancestral relic"forest lands,and the redistribution of the "shares".The sale and distribution of "shares"not only reflects that Qingshui forestry production is an economic industry,but also the essence of the concept of private property of villagers.Meanwhile,it also reflects a kind of tension maintaining the ties within clans and families,as well as the social-economic tension among villages.