明代洪武时期经略东北地区考论

Study on The Northeast Region of management strategy in Hongwu Period of Ming Dynasty

元明之际的东北地区与元代的辽阳行省相当。明朝建立之初,明太祖采取的是偏师经略,文武两手并用的策略,一方面不断地进行政治招抚,另一方面是武力威慑与征讨。经略的地域有辽河流域和黑龙江流域。政治招抚从洪武二年(1369)开始,军事征讨与威慑从洪武四年(1371)开始,明太祖最后用武力威慑降服了纳哈出。洪武二十三年(1390)以前,明太祖对黑龙江流域各族的经略主要是采取政治招抚的手段,后来由于蒙古族和女真族首领的降而复叛,导致明廷发兵征讨。明太祖对东北地区经略的成功之处是建立了辽东军镇,但是在黑龙江流域没有建立起相对稳定的统治。

During the Yuan and Ming Dynasties,the northeast region was similar to liaoyang province in the Yuan Dynasty.At the beginning of the establishment of the Ming Dynasty,taizu of the Ming Dynasty adopted the strategy of emphasizing division and strategy,using both literature and military means,on the one hand,it constantly carries out political solicitation;on the other hand,it departs and enforces by force.There are liaohe river basin and heilongjiang river basin.Political solicita- tion began in the second year of Hongwu (1369),and military expropriation and deterrence began in the fourth year of Hongwu (1371),Ming taizu finally used force to .deter the Nahachu.Before Hongwu twenty-third year (1390),the strategy of the Ming taizu for the various ethnic groups in the heilongjiang river basin was mainly to adopt the means of political procuration, later,due to the surrender of the Mongolian and Nvzhen leaders,they rebelled,which led to the Ming court's military expropriation.The success of Ming taizu in the strategy of northeast China was the establishment of liaodong army town,but there was no relatively stable rule in the heilongjiang basin.