从自由主义到马克思主义:“五四”前后陈独秀新闻思想的转折

From Liberalism to Marxism:The Turn of Chen Duxiu’s Thoughts on Journalism around the May Fourth Movement

五四新文化运动"旗手"、中国共产党主要创始人陈独秀是民国新闻史研究绕不过去的人物。"五四"前后陈独秀从基于自由主义的"文人论政"走向马克思主义共产革命之路,其政治道路选择与新闻思想转折形成互动。解析陈独秀新闻思想转折动因,既须关注他的政治思想底色、个人境遇,也要看到国际政治环境变迁语境下共产国际的影响;其转变的标志性事件是1920年9月经改组而出版的《新青年》第八卷,他发表《谈政治》《对于时局的我见》等集中阐释其马克思主义新闻观点。陈独秀新闻思想转折反映了马克思主义新闻思想被中国知识分子所接受的历史进程,并对民国新闻事业走向产生影响;但他思想深处蕴含着强烈的精英意识,并未因走向与工农结合革命之路而减弱,这对其领导中共早期新闻宣传工作是不利因素。

Chen Duxiu, the principal founder of the communist party of China(CPC) and the "flag bearer" of the new cultural movement, is a figure who is indispensable in the study of the history of journalism in the Republic of China. From the liberal "literati" to the Marxist communist revolution, Chen Duxiu's political choice and the transformation of news thoughts were interrelated. To find out what changed Chen Duxiu's journalism thoughts,one should not only pay attention to his political background and personal situation, but also see the influence of the communist international in the context of changing international political environment. The landmark event of his transformation was the eighth volume of the New Youth published in September 1920. The transition of Chen Duxiu's journalism thoughts reflected the historical process of Marxist journalism thoughts accepted by Chinese intellectuals and had an impact on the journalism undertakings of the Republic of China. However, one could see that Chen regarded himself as the elite of the time from his journalism thoughts. This did not fade after joining hands with the workers and peasants, which was harmful to his leadership in the CPC's publicity work.