美国乡村学校的历史跌宕与现实审视

The Past and Present of Rural Schools in the US

美国乡村学校的改革走过了一条从乡村出发、向城市迈进然后再回到乡村的曲折道路。当前,美国乡村学校数量大、规模小、分布广且城乡教育经费配置不均衡;教育条件整体性落后于城市,但教育质量并不完全逊色于城市。美国的乡村学校改革正从向城市看齐转至面向乡村教育自身,其乡村教育的发展得益于宏观政策的引领、教师队伍的建设、多种社会力量的联动以及现代技术的辅助应用等。当前,我国的乡村教育处在最好也是最难的发展时期,美国乡村学校的发展历程,值得我们关注和思考。

The reform of rural schools in the US followed a winding road by starting from rural areas,stepping into cities,and returning to rural areas.At present,the US has a large number of small-sized and widely-distributed rural schools,and there is an unbalanced allocation of education funds between urban areas and rural areas.Also,rural schools have worse educational conditions than urban schools,but the quality of education in rural schools is not completely inferior to that in urban schools.Now in the US,the reform of rural schools is going from learning from urban schools to getting oriented towards rural education,and the development of rural schools benefits from the guidance of policies,the cultivation of teachers,the combination of social forces,and the auxiliary application of modern technology.At present,China's rural education is in the best but most difficult period,and the developments of rural schools in the US offer implications for China.