自给服务与外包服务的关联性:对农业纵向分工的一个理论探讨

The Relevance of Self-Sufficiency Service and Subcontracting Service:A Theoretical Analysis about the Vertical Division of Labor in Agriculture

以经典分工理论为基础,设置了自给与外包服务的完全替代,部分替代和完全互补的关联性,探讨其对农业纵向分工的影响。结果表明,如果自给与外包服务满足完全替代或部分替代关系,那么外包服务交易效率和管理效率的改善,专业化经济程度的提高均会促进农业纵向分工。如果自给与外包的服务满足完全互补关系,那么自给和外包服务谁是"短板"决定了农业纵向分工的路径。外包服务为"短板"时,改善外包服务的交易效率和管理效率,提高其专业化经济程度均会深化农业纵向分工。自给服务为"短板"时,改善外包服务的交易效率会诱致农业生产的内生分工和纵向一体化。分析还发现,非农就业市场和产品市场的发展会诱使农户减少,甚至退出自给服务,长期来看有利于深化农业纵向分工。结论表明,探讨农业中间服务的关联性为深化分工理论提供了新的可能,也为制定发育农业社会化服务的政策和明晰农业分工的规律提供了理论参考。

Based on the classical theory of division of labor,this paper explores the relevance between self-sufficiency service and subconstracting service,including complete substitution,invariable substitution elasticity and complete complementarity,and further discusses its influence on the vertical division of labor in agriculture.The analytical results indicate that:(1)If the relevance between self-service and subconstracting service is completely substitutable or partially substitutable,the improvement of the transaction efficiency and management efficiency of the subconstracting service and the improvement of the subconstracting service's professional economic level will promote the vertical division of labor in agriculture;(2)If the relevance between self-sufficiency service and subconstracting service is completely complementary,the vertical division of labor in agriculture depends on which side is weaker,the self-sufficiency service or the subconstracting service.When the subconstracting service is at a disadvantage,improving its transaction efficiency,management efficiency and professional economic level of will deepen the vertical division of labor in agriculture.Conversely,improving the transaction efficiency of subconstracting service market will induce the endogenous division of labor and the vertical integration of agricultural production.Besides,the development of the non-agricultural employment market and the product market will induce farmers to reduce and even abandon self-sufficiency service,which is beneficial to the development of the vertical division of labor in agriculture in the long run.Finally,the findings imply that exploring the relevance between agricultural intermediary services provides a new possibility for deepening the theory of division of labor and also provides a theoretical reference for formulating the policy of developing socialized agriculture and defining the law of agricultural division of labor.