科技体制改革进程中政府对基础研究注意力配置——基于中央政府工作报告(1985—2018年)的话语分析

Government's Attention on Basic Research in the Process of China's S&T System Reform——Discourse analysis of the Report on the Work of the Government(1985-2018)

注意力代表政府决策者对特定议题的关注,注意力变化是政策制定及其变迁的基本原因。基础研究注意力是基础研究进入议程设置,进而出台配套政策、给予政府投入的前提。基于注意力理论,探究中国科技体制改革进程中中央政府对基础研究的注意力配置过程机制。以1985—2017年33份中央政府工作报告进行权威文本分析,结果表明:(1)中央政府对基础研究的注意力经历了震荡上升到震荡下降的过程,目前政府对基础研究尚未形成稳定长效的关注;(2)政府对基础研究的关注已逐渐形成从二分到系统的思路;(3)要提高中国基础研究强度,中央及地方政府要逐渐明确财政科技支出的重点,对政府研发结构进行系统调整。

Attention represents the focus of government decision-makers on specific issue. The change of attention is the main cause of change in government decision-making. The attention of basic research is the premise of environmental governance into agenda setting, formulate the policy, and then invest R&D expenditure. Therefore, this paper studies the government’s attention to the discourse of basic research policy based on the perspective of attention. The text analysis of the Report on the Work of the Government(1985-2017) as a research sample shows that:(1) Central government’s attention to basic research has experienced a process of shocks rising to a volatility decline. At present, the government has not yet formed a stable and long-term concern for basic research.(2) The government’s attention to basic research has gradually shifted from dichotomous to systematic thinking;(3) In order to improve the intensity of basic research in China, the central and local governments should gradually clarify the focus of fiscal technology expenditure and systematically adjust the R&D structure.