斯宾诺莎对传统宗教的理性批判

Spinoza's Rational Critics of Traditional Religions

"宗教批判"理论是斯宾诺莎"关于人的完整哲学体系"中最重要、最具影响的内容之一。该批判除从考察迷信产生的根源入手阐明"真正的宗教"不等于迷信,进而揭露传统宗教的迷信本质以外,重要的还在于从理性出发,对启示宗教的核心教义、对《圣经》及其"流行的"解释方法中的谬误进行了系统分析和深刻批判,从而为哲学摆脱信仰及自由思考做出了有力辩护。斯宾诺莎的宗教批判理论不仅在当时起到摧毁宗教神学的根基、在相当大的程度上抹去罩在《圣经》外面的神圣光环的积极作用,而且因其推崇理性、反对迷信、倡导无神论,而在今天仍具有重要的启示和借鉴意义。

The "Critic of Religion"is one of the most important and influential part in Spinoza's "whole philosophical system of human being".Starting from the origination of superstitions,Spinoza made it clear that the "real religion"was far from superstition and the latter was the very essence of traditional religions.And the most important thing is,he also made a systematic analysis and a deep critic of the faults of the core dogmatic of revealed religion,the Bible and its popular explanations,and from these,he defended philosophy strongly for its casting away from religion and its freely thinking.As for the positive effects of Spinoza's critic,it not only crushed the root of religion and theology,but also eliminated the divine aureole covering the Bible.And due to its esteem of reason,objection to superstation,and advocating of atheism,people in present day still can learn a lot from it.