异地养老者社会融入的四维检视与应对逻辑——基于海南省的实证调查

Four-dimensional Inspection into the Social integration of Elderly Migrants and its Countermeasures:An empirical investigation based on Evidence from Hainan Province

异地养老者社会融入与老年人口生活幸福指数密切相关,是中国积极应对人口老龄化无法回避的现实问题,而人口老龄化所产生的冲击不亚于人类历史上发生过的任何一次变革,其重要性不言而喻。研究发现,异地养老者在政治、经济、社交和文化融入层面都存在不少问题,突出表现为市民身份普遍缺失,政治参与机会少;就业意愿较高而就业率偏低;社会福利被区别对待;与当地人接触有限,语言交流存在障碍,规范习俗与身份认同较弱。要让异地养老者更好地融入养老地,可以从如下方面着手:放宽落户政策,给予他们更多的政治参与机会;转变用人观念,完善老年人口就业政策;引导社会福利由"差异化"走向"均等化";鼓励异地养老者参加养老地社会组织;构建共存共生的多元文化体系。

The social integration of elderly migrants is closely related to the happiness index of the elderly population and it is a realistic problem that China cannot avoid in coping with population aging,the impact of which is no less than any change in human history. The study found that there are many problems in the political,economic,social and cultural integration of the elderly migrants,which are highlighted by the general lack of citizenship,less opportunities for political participation;higher employment willingness and lower employment rate;discriminated social welfare;limited contact with local people and language barriers;weak norms and identities. To make elderly migrants better integrate into the local community,the following can be done: relaxing the hukou settlement policy to give them more opportunities for political participation;changing the concept of employment and improving the employment policy for the elderly;guiding social welfare from "differentiation"towards "Equalization";encouraging the elderly migrants to engage in local social organizations;building a symbiotic and coexisting multicultural system.