荒漠草地沙漠化对土壤‐微生物‐胞外酶化学计量特征的影响

Effects of desertification on the C:N:P stoichiometry of soil, microbes,and extracellular enzymes in a desert grassland

为探讨荒漠草地沙漠化对"土壤-微生物-胞外酶"系统生态化学计量的影响机理,该研究采用空间序列代替时间演替的方法,研究了宁夏盐池荒漠草地沙漠化过程中土壤、土壤微生物及土壤胞外酶碳(C)、氮(N)、磷(P)生态化学计量的变异特征。结果表明:(1)随着荒漠草地沙漠化的不断加剧,土壤C、N、P含量和土壤C:P、N:P均呈降低趋势,而土壤C:N逐渐增加。(2)荒漠草地沙漠化过程中,土壤微生物生物量C (MBC):微生物生物量P (MBP)、微生物生物量N (MBN):MBP和土壤β-葡萄糖苷酶(BG):N-乙酰氨基葡萄糖苷酶(NAG)逐渐降低,而土壤BG:磷酸酶(AP)和NAG:AP基本表现为增加趋势。(3)随着荒漠草地沙漠化程度的加剧,土壤微生物C利用效率CUEC:N和CUEC:P与土壤微生物N利用效率NUEN:C和土壤微生物P利用效率PUEP:C的变化趋势相反。(4)荒漠草地土壤、土壤微生物生物量和土壤胞外酶C:N化学计量(C:N, MBC:MBN, BG:NAG)与土壤、土壤微生物生物量和土壤胞外酶N:P化学计量(N:P,MBN:MBP,NAG:AP)显著负相关,而土壤和胞外酶C:N化学计量(C:N,BG:NAG)与土壤和胞外酶C:P化学计量(C:P,BG:AP)显著正相关。土壤N:P与土壤MBN:MBP显著正相关,而与土壤NAG:AP显著负相关。分析表明,荒漠草地沙漠化过程中土壤微生物生物量及胞外酶活性随着土壤养分的变化而发生变化;微生物-胞外酶C:N:P生态化学计量与土壤养分存在协变关系,为理解荒漠草地土壤-微生物系统C、N、P循环机制提供理论依据。

Aims In order to discuss the underlying mechanism of desertification effect on the ecological stoichiometry of soil, microbes and extracellular enzymes, we studied the changes of soil, soil microbial and extracellular enzyme C:N:P stoichiometry during the desertification process in the desert grassland in Yanchi County, China. Methods The "space-for-time" method was used. Important findings The results demonstrated that:(1) Soil C, N, P contents and soil C:P, N:P significantly decreased, but soil C:N gradually increased with increasing desertification.(2) Soil microbial biomass C(MBC):soil microbial biomass P(MBP), soil microbial biomass N(MBN):MBP and soil β-1,4-glucosidase(BG):β-1,4-Nacetylglucosaminidase(NAG) gradually decreased, soil BG:alkaline phosphatase(AP) and NAG:AP basically showed an increasing trend with increasing desertification.(3) Desertification increased the soil microbial carbon use efficiency(CUEC:N and CUEC:P) gradually, while soil microbial nitrogen use efficiency(NUEN:C) and soil microbial phosphorus use efficiency(PUEP:C) basically decreased.(4) Soil, soil microbial and soil extracellularenzyme C:N stoichiometry(C:N, MBC:MBN, BG:NAG) were significantly negatively correlated with the soil, soil microbial and extracellular enzyme N:P stoichiometry(N:P, MBN:MBP, NAG:AP), the soil and extracellular enzymes C:N(C:N, BG:NAG) were significantly positively correlated with the soil and extracellular enzymes C:P(C:P, BG:AP). Soil N:P was significantly positively correlated with the soil MBN:MBP, but was significantly negatively correlated with the soil NAG:AP. The analysis demonstrated that soil microbial biomass and extracellular enzyme activity changed with soil nutrient during the desertification process in the desert grassland. The covariation relationship between soil nutrient and C:N:P stoichiometry of microbial-extracellular enzyme provides a theoretical basis for understanding the underlying mechanism of C, N, P cycling in the soil-microbial system in desert grasslands.