远志、石菖蒲及其对药改善记忆的物质基础和作用机制研究进展

Memory-improving Substances Basis and Mechanism of Polygalae Radix,Acori Tatarinowii Rhizoma and Its Couplet Medicines

远志和石菖蒲始载于《神农本草经》,均能使人"不忘",久服可"轻身延年",常相须配伍作为"对药"使用,是益智和改善记忆类方剂的核心药物组合。目前,中医临床认为远志和石菖蒲改善记忆或益智的原理为补不足、化痰通九窍,其传统理论证据尚足,但其改善记忆的现代物质基础和作用机制仍未被完全阐明。本文通过检索近10年国内(中国知网)外(Pubmed数据库)远志、石菖蒲及其化学成分对神经系统作用的药理药效学作用机制的相关文献,对远志改善记忆的主要物质基础-远志皂苷、寡糖酯、山酮,石菖蒲改善记忆的主要物质基础-α-细辛醚,β-细辛醚,丁香酚,两者配伍后活性物质的质和量的改变,以及单药和对药配伍后改善记忆的机制-抗氧化清除自由基,调控胆碱能系统,清除β淀粉样蛋白(Aβ),降低Tau蛋白磷酸化水平,改善细胞凋亡率,调节突触可塑性进行系统整理、分析、总结,针对目前的研究现状指出可能存在的不足,以期为进一步探索远志和石菖蒲相须配伍发挥"1+1 > 2"作用的机制提供思路。

Polygalae Radix and Acori Tatarinowii Rhizoma were first recorded in Shennong's Herbal Classic. Both of them can "improve people's memory ". Long-term administration can make body light and macrobian. They have often been used as couplet medicines and the core combination of nootropic and memory improvement prescriptions. At present,traditional Chinese medicine clinicians believes that the principle of Polygalae Radix and Acori Tatarinowii Rhizoma in improving memory or intelligence is to supplement the deficiency,remove phlegm and unblock nine orifices,with sufficient evidences for the traditional theory. However,its material basis and mechanism for improving memory have not been fully elucidated. In this paper,we searched the literatures about pharmacological and pharmacodynamics mechanism of Polygalae Radix, Acori Tatarinowii Rhizoma and their chemical components on nervous system in recent ten years from Pubmed database and CNKI.The main material basis for improving memory of Polygalae Radix-saponins,oligosaccharides and alone,the main material basis for improving memory of Acori Tatarinowii Rhizoma-α-asarone,β-asarone and eugenol,the changes of the quality and quantity of the active substances after combination,and the mechanism of improving memory of the single drugs and their couplet medicines,such as scavenging free radicals,regulating cholinergic system,clearing β-amyloid protein( Aβ),decreasing the level of phosphorylation of Tau protein,improving the rate of apoptosis and regulating synaptic plasticity,were systematically collected,analyzed and summarized. In view of the current research situation,this paper points out the possible shortcomings,with the aim to further explore the mechanism of Polygalae Radix combined with Acori Tatarinowii Rhizoma with the mechanism of " 1 + 1 > 2".