中国农村居民教育收益及工资收入差距的分解——基于微观计量的因果关系推断

The Decomposition of Educational Return and Income Gap of China's Rural Residents——Causal Inference Based on Microeconometrics

利用中国居民收入项目调查提供的农村地区CHIP2013数据,基于工资决定方程实证测度了农村居民的教育收益率并分解了收入差距。结果发现:在纠正了样本选择偏差后,测得农村居民的教育收益率为4. 6%;条件分位数回归发现教育收益率并非随非农收入的变化线性上升或下降,而工具变量法则纠正了内生性偏估,发现学历教育收益率呈"N字型"的变动趋势,初级与次级人力资本壅塞滞阻了中等收入群体的教育收益率,夏普里回归分解发现人力资本存量差异导致了农村居非农收入的非均衡分布,而主次劳动力市场分割蕴藏于城乡二元分割的经济结构中。在此基础上,为缩小农村居民的工资收入差距,为推进以教扶贫提出相应的对策建议。

Based on the data of CHIP 2013 provided by the survey of income of residents in China,this paper adopts Mincer equation in its measurement of educational return rate and its decomposition of wage income gap. It is found that the educational return rate of rural residents is 4. 6% after correcting the sample selection bias. Analysis through quantile regression finds that the educational return rate doesn’t increase or decrease linearly with the change of income and the rule of tool variable corrects the endogenous bias estimation. It is also found that the return of academic education presents an"N"shape curve and the congestion of primary and secondary human capital leads to lower return on education of middle income group. Through Shapley regression decomposition,it is found that the difference of human capital stock leads to the main imbalanced distribution of wage income in rural China,while the segmentation of primary and secondary labor markets lies in the economic structure of urban-rural dual segmentation. On this basis,the paper puts forward some countermeasures and suggestions to further reduce the income gap of rural residents as well as to promote poverty alleviation through education.