前端污染治理对我国企业生产率的影响——基于边界断点回归方法的研究

The Impact of Environmental Regulation at Source on Productivity of Chinese Enterprises: A Geographical Regression Discontinuity Design

探讨和识别前端污染治理对企业生产率的影响及作用渠道,对我国环境政策的制定和经济的转型发展,具有重要的现实意义。本文采用边界断点回归方法,将2001-2005年我国省区层面的清洁生产政策作为外生冲击,有效识别了前端污染治理对我国企业生产率的影响,并探讨了其作用的渠道。实证研究发现:总体而言,前端污染治理显著提升了企业的生产率;就影响渠道而言,前端污染治理一方面通过创新激励效应直接提升了在位企业的生产率水平,另一方面通过市场进入退出机制,提高了市场的进入门槛,使得高效率的企业得以进入和存活,进一步优化了资源配置,提升了整个市场的生产率水平;此外,前端污染治理对企业生产率的正向影响主要作用于污染密集型行业、小规模企业和民营企业。

Using the geographical regression discontinuity design,this paper takes the clean production policy implemented by chinese provinces from 2001 to 2005 as an exogenous shock,effectively identifies the impact of environmental regulation at source on the productivity of enterprises and explores the micro-mechanism of its effect. The empirical study finds that environmental regulation at source has a significant positive effect on the productivity of enterprises.In terms of the effect mechanism,on the one hand,environmental regulation at source motivates the existing enterprises to upgrade their technology and raise the productivity. On the other hand,through the entry and exit mechanism of market,the threshold for market access has been raised, enabling efficient enterprises to enter and survive, and boosting the overall productivity of the market.In addition,the positive effect of environmental regulation at source on enterprise productivity mainly exists in pollution-intensive industries,small-scale enterprises and private-owned enterprises. After a series of validity tests,the empirical results of this paper are still robust.