身份经济学理论与实验研究综述

Identity Economics: A Survey of the Theoretical and Experimental Studies

身份经济学通过研究身份认同和社会经济决策之间的相互影响,为解释和预测个体、群体微观决策行为提供了重要的视角。近年来关于身份的实验室实验、神经实验和实地实验研究为身份经济学理论提供了丰富的经验证据。本文从身份影响经济行为的理论研究、诱导和凸显身份认同的实验范式、身份如何影响经济决策的实验研究以及脑神经研究等方面总结身份经济学的研究。未来身份经济学可以从重视身份的社会定位内涵转向重视自我形象和自我定义的内涵,从聚焦群体间态度差异机制转向重视信号发送等其他影响机制,并运用神经科学的多种方法探索身份对经济决策影响的神经机理。身份经济学研究还要注意结合中国情境下的身份相关经济问题,提出实地研究的方案和政策建议。

Identity economics tries to study how social identity and identification interact with social and economic decision making,and then explain or forecast individual or group behavior.The lab,neural and field experimental researches of recently years make many insight on identity economics. We survey the studies on the understanding of identity,the experiments paradigm to induce identification,the ingroup-outgroup mechanism or other mechanisms of identity influence,and related neural researches. In the future,identity economics may need to reconsider the meaning of identity and turn to highlight the impact of self image or self conception.It also need to study other mechanisms such as signaling instead of between group attitudes difference and use alternative means such as TDCS to find the neural mechanism of identification effect.In addition,identity economics could give some policy advice considering the identification problems in Chinese situation.