重庆地区豌豆(Pisum sativum L.)种质资源收集与多样性分析

Field Collection and Genetic Diversity Analysis of Pea(Pisum sativum L.) Germplasm Resource in Chongqing

"第三次全国农作物种质资源普查与收集行动"重庆项目组于2015—2017年历时3年,从重庆19个区县收集豌豆地方种质资源56份。豌豆种质资源在重庆地区分布呈现出范围广、海拔跨度大的特点。本研究对上述豌豆资源的14个性状进行了遗传多样性分析,结果表明该批资源多样性丰富,其中多样性指数最高的质量性状和数量性状分别是荚型和百粒重;变异系数最大的是分枝数。聚类分析将该批豌豆资源划分为5大类群,第Ⅰ类群为大籽粒和食荚型材料;第Ⅱ类群为高产、中粒型材料;第Ⅲ类群为直立型、早熟型材料;第Ⅳ类群为叶用型兼食荚型材料;第Ⅴ类群为籽粒食用型材料。这些豌豆资源经重庆不同地区和民族农民长年选择后,在抗逆性、食荚性、食叶性、籽粒特性等方面发展出了独特性状,利用好这些资源将为今后的豌豆产业发展注入新的多样性。

Under the frame of the Third National Survey and Collection Action on Crop Germplasm Resources,the Chongqing Project Group collected 56 pea germplasm accessions from 19 counties of Chongqing from 2015 to 2017.These accessions were found at wide geographic regions with different altitude.We investigated fourteen agronomic traits that were subjected for genetic diversity analysis.The abundant genetic diversity at the agronomic traits was observed,including the qualitative trait pod shape and the quantitative trait 100 grain weight with the highest diversity index,as well as the branching number that is with the highest coefficient variation(CV).These accessions were divided into 5 groups by clustering analysis:(1)the accessions with large gain and pod edible;(2)the accessions with high-yield potential and medium-size grain;(3)the accessions with erect or early-mature;(4)the accessions with edible leaf and edible pod;(5)the accessions with elite grain edible.Thus,these pea accessions represented phenotypic variations on pod-eating,leaf-eating and grain characteristics,and this germplasm resource might be valuable in breeding for new pea varieties in Chongqing.