云南省龙陵县药用植物资源调查与分析

Investigation and Analysis of Medicinal Plant Resources in Longling County of Yunnan Province

为摸清云南省龙陵县药用植物资源的分布状况及蕴藏量,2015年1月至2016年12月,开展全国第四次中药资源普查云南省第二批试点县龙陵县的普查工作。按照普查工作要求,普查队对云南省龙陵县的野生药用植物资源、栽培药用植物资源、传统医药知识及中药材市场进行调查。在龙陵县10个乡镇37块样地进行了野外普查、样线调查、标本采集、药材采集、实地采访及标本鉴定,调查采集药用植物腊叶标本653个,通过鉴定和查证有明确药用功效的植物有142科,437属,606种。调查到重点药材84种,其中包括野生药材基源植物48种,栽培药材基源植物36种(其中3个种既有野生,也有栽培);调查到国家珍稀濒危药用植物24种,根据调查,龙陵县野生分布较多、分布广泛的重点药材主要有石松、白茅根、金荞麦、葛根、常山、黄精、天南星等20余种;栽培药用植物主要有石斛、草果、重楼、龙胆、附子、续断、三七、白花蛇舌草、丹参、桔梗、半支莲、黄精、当归、玛卡、栀子等10余种,其中栽培面积较大的中药材主要有石斛、草果、重楼3种。本研究对当地药用植物资源的分布概况、消长情况及调查、收集到的药用植物资源种类进行了鉴定评价及分析,为龙陵县药用植物资源的可持续发展提供参考依据。

Under a frame of the fourth national Traditional Chinese Medicine(TCM)resource survey,we conducted a two-year survey(2015 and 2016)on the geographical distribution of the medicinal plant resources in Longling county of Yunan province.According to the guidelines,wild and cultivated medicinal plant resources were investigated,and traditional medicine knowledge and market was surveyed.In Longling,the field survey was conducted at 37 different locations of 10 different sub-district of Longling county.The medicinal plants and its specimens were collected with data of interview from the local and assessing by investigation team.The herbariums were numbered to be 653#.Interestingly,we found that 606 species belonging to 437 genus,142 families,were shown to be traditional medicine.For example.we identified 84 important medicinal materials,comprising of three types:(1)48 species of origin plants of wild herbs,(2)36 species of origin plants of cultivation herbs,and(3)24 species that are listed as national rare and endangered medicinal plants.More than 30 species of medicinal plants were found in Longling county,including wild medicinal plants Lycopodiellaspp.,Imperata spp.,Fagopyrum spp.,Pueraria spp.,Dichroa spp.,Polygonatum spp.,Arisaema spp.,etc.,and cultivated medicinal plants Dendrobium spp.,Amomum tsaoko spp.,Paris polyphylla Sm.,Gentiana spp.,Aconitum carmichaelii spp.,Dipsacus asperoides spp.,Panax notoginseng spp.,Hedyotis diffusa spp.,Salvia miltiorrhizaspp.,Platycodon spp.,Scutellaria spp.,Polygonatum spp.,Angelica spp.,Lepidium spp.,Gardenia spp.,etc.Out of that,Dendrobium spp.,Amomum tsaoko spp.and Paris polyphylla Sm..Comparing were found to be cultivated with large area.Furthermore,a large number of valuable medicinal plants were found to be existed and widely distributed Longling county.Thus,the findings of this study might provide insights and germplasm resources that potentially support sustainable development of medicinal plant resources of Longling county.