列宁的“文化下乡”思想初探

Lenin's Tentative Ideas on the Basic Measures of "Culture Going to the Countryside"

十月革命以后,建设苏俄社会主义"新农村"成为巩固布尔什维克政权的重要条件。列宁认为,苏俄农村文化建设是苏俄农村政治、经济发展的前提与基础,必须以其为突破口促进苏俄农村的建设与发展,但农村文化建设仅凭农民一己之力难以实现,因而必须通过"文化下乡"的方式,把专家、教师等文化人才,城市党支部等文化团体,书籍、学校等文化资料及设施引导至广大农村,借助城市的先进文化因素以加强农村文化建设。

After the victory of the October Revolution, Lenin made a painstaking exploration and practice of Soviet Russia's rural cultural construction at that time. In this process, Lenin gradually realized that it is difficult to realize the goal of strengthening the rural cultural construction only by farmers' own power, and must rely on the "external force" in the city to achieve this goal smoothly. Therefore, Lenin put forward the measures of "cultural going to the countryside", aiming at helping peasants to strengthen the construction of rural culture through the process and form of cultural talents, urban workers' groups, cultural materials and facilities.