保护传统节庆习俗生命力探索节日内涵传承新途径——关于清明节文化的问卷调查分析

Protecting the Vitality of Traditional Festivals and Customs Exploring New Ways of Inheriting Festival Connotations——Analysis of the Questionnaire Survey on the Culture of the Qingming Festival

清明节又叫踏青节,是我国四大传统节日之一,也是我国最重要的祭祀节日之一。古代的清明节融合了寒食节与上巳节的节庆习俗,得以流传。因此这个节日中既有生死别离的悲酸泪,又有踏青游玩的欢笑声,是一个富有特色的节日。然而,现代的清明节却缺少"仪式感",在部分人眼中,清明节逐渐变成了一个只有三天假期的法定假日,缺少了传统习俗和文化的内涵。通过问卷调查可以了解大众对清明节相关文化的认知程度,从而明确在清明节习俗继承与发展的过程中所存在的问题。本文通过对"关于清明节文化的调查问卷"的调查结果分析,得出以下结论:超过半数的人们对清明节常识性文化并不了解;清明节的祭祀和饮食习俗在各地存在很大差异,在当代,清明节的习俗不被重视或渐渐消失;清明节文化内涵的创新传承方式亟待探索。

Qingming Festival, also known as the Outing Festival, is one of the four traditional festivals in China and one of the most important sacrifice festivals in China. The ancient Qingming Festival combined the customs of the Cold Food Festival and the Shangsi Festival, which contributed to its circulation. Therefore, the festival has involved the sorrowful tears of life and death, as well as the laughter of outing and playing. It is a festival filled with distinct characteristics. However, the modern Qingming Festival lacks the sense of ritual. In some people’s eyes, the Qingming Festival has gradually become a statutory holiday with only three days off, lacking the traditional customs and cultural connotations. According to the questionnaire survey, we can better understand the public’s cognition of the culture related to the Qingming Festival, and thus clarify the problems in the process of inheritance and development of the festival. Analyzing the results of"Questionnaire about the Qingming Festival culture", we drawed the conclusions as following in this paper: More than half of the informants do not know the commonsense culture of Qingming Festival;the festivals and dietary customs of the Qingming Festival vary greatly in different areas, and in the modern era, the customs are not valued or gradually disappeared;an innovative way to inherit the cultural connotation of the Qingming Festival needs to be explored.