敦煌写本《无名歌》的历史学考察

A Historical Study on the Dunhuang Manuscript “Anonymous Song”

《无名歌》描绘了百姓难以应对沉重的税赋负担、抛弃桑榆产业、仓皇逃向南方的场景。同时,诗歌痛诉了统治者横征暴敛,不顾百姓生死,安于享乐的丑恶面目。诗歌所描述内容发生在唐代宗时期,反映了安史之乱后唐朝政府财政危机下的社会状况。从诗歌内容看,作者很有可能在南方亲眼见到了从北方逃来的百姓,并由此写下此诗,这正与释无名的经历相吻合。相较于其他诸说,该诗作者为释无名更具有说服力。

The poem Anonymous Song depicts the plight of families who could not bear the burden of heavy taxes and out of desperation abandoned their property and fled to the south. The poem complains of the corrupted rulers who extorted heavy taxes from their subjects, became addicted to various degenerate pleasures and disregarded the suffering of their people. The conditions described in the poem occurred in the period of Emperor Daizong of the Tang dynasty and reflect the social situation of the Tang government as it struggled under the financial crisis following the An Lushan Rebellion. Judging from the poem, the author was likely to have personally witnessed the forced migration from north to south, which impelled him to the writing of this poem:this is exactly what the famous Buddhist monk and poet Wuming is recorded to have experienced. After comparing this analysis with other views on the origin of this Anonymous Poem, the author finds greater support for the conclusion that it was written by monk Wuming.