阿尔茨海默病照料者抑郁症危险因素分析

Analysis of risk factors of depression in caregivers of Alzheimer's disease

目的分析阿尔茨海默病(Alzheimer’s disease, AD)照料者抑郁症的发生率和相关危险因素。方法选取2015年1月至2017年12月北京老年医院收治的AD患者的照料者120人,登记照料者一般人口学情况,使用医院焦虑抑郁量表(hospital anxiety and depression scale, HADS)对照料者抑郁情况进行评估。依据照料者是否存在抑郁现象分为抑郁组(DG,n=45)和非抑郁组(NG,n=75),采用多元回归分析照料者抑郁的危险因素。结果 45名照料者(37.5%)存在不同程度抑郁症表现。与NGDG组照料者平均年龄较大、非家庭成员照料比率较高、受教育水平相对较低,差异有统计学意义(P <0.01)。多元回归分析结果提示,AD病史较长、病情较重和非家庭成员照料者是照料者抑郁症发生的独立危险因素。结论 AD照料者中抑郁症发生率较高,应积极鼓励患者家庭成员作为主要照料者。

Objective To summarize the incidence and analyze risk factors of depression in caregivers with Alzheimer disease(AD). Methods One hundred and twenty caregivers of AD patients admitted to Beijing Geriatric Hospital from January 2015 to December 2017 were selected and their general data were recorded. Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale(HADS) was used to evaluate the depression of the caregivers who were divided into depression group(DG, n=45) and no-depression group(NG, n=75). Multivariate regression analysis of high risk factors for depression in caregivers had been done. Results Forty-five caregivers(37.5%) had scores in the range of depression according to HADS outcome. Compared with the caregivers in NG group, the disease of AD in DG was more serious and the history of AD was longer, the difference were statistically significant(P < 0.05). The average age of caregivers in DG group was higher, the rate of care for non-family members was higher, and the education level was relatively lower, the differences were statistically significant(P < 0.05). Multivariate regression analysis showed that a long history of disease, severity of illness of AD and support of non-family members of others were independent risk factors for depression in caregivers. Conclusions The incidence of depression is high in caregivers of Alzheimer’s disease. The family members of AD patients are encouraged to be the main caregivers.