3D打印用聚乳酸/松木粉/纳米二氧化硅木塑复合材料性能研究

Properties of PLA/PWF/Nano-SiO2 Wood-Plastic Composites for 3D Printing

以化学改性松木粉(PWF)为增强材料、聚乳酸(PLA)为基体,同时添加少量纳米二氧化硅(nano-SiO2),通过熔融挤出制备了适用于熔融沉积成型(FDM)3D打印技术的木塑复合材料,并对该木塑复合材料的力学性能和3D打印性能进行了研究。结果表明:添加nano-SiO2可以显著提高木塑复合材料的力学性能,随着nanoSiO2用量的增加,PLA/PWF/nano-SiO2木塑复合材料的各项力学性能均呈现逐渐上升的趋势,且在nanoSiO2用量为5%时达到最佳。PWF用量对PLA/PWF/nano-SiO2木塑复合材料各项力学性能的影响呈现先上升后下降的趋势,且材料性能在PWF用量为15%时达到最佳,此时弯曲强度为101.6 MPa、弯曲模量为4 652 MPa、拉伸强度为92.81 MPa、拉伸模量为3 845 MPa、冲击强度为4.31 kJ/m2,相对于PLA/PWF木塑复合材料均提高了50%以上。该PLA/PWF/nano-SiO2木塑复合材料可应用于FDM型3D打印,具有良好的打印性能。

Using modifi ed pine wood fl our(PWF) as the reinforcing material, polylactic acid(PLA) as matrix, and adding a small amount of nano-SiO2, the PWF/PLA/nano-SiO2 wood-plastic composites(WPC) were produced by melting extrusion, which is suitable for fused deposition modeling(FDM) technology. The mechanical properties and 3 D printing performance of the composites were studied. The results show that the mechanical properties of the WPC are signifi cantly improved by adding nano-SiO2, with the increase of nano-SiO2 content, the mechanical properties of the WPC generally show a rising tendency, and reach the best when the nano-SiO2 content is 5%. The infl uences of PWF content on mechanical properties of PWF/PLA/nano-SiO2 composites show a tendency to rise fi rst and then decline, and reach the best when PWF content is 15%, the bending strength reaches 101.6 MPa, the bending modulus reaches 4 652 MPa, the tensile strength reaches 92.81 MPa, the tensile modulus reaches 3 845 MPa, and the impact strength reaches 4.31 k J/m2. On average, the values are increased by over 50% compared to the PLA/PWF composites. The PWF/PLA/nano-SiO2 composites can be used in FDM 3 D printing technology and have good printing performance.