手风琴技术治疗胫骨骨折延迟愈合或不愈合

Accordion technique in the treatment of tibial delayed union or nonunion

目的探讨应用手风琴技术治疗胫骨骨折延迟愈合、不愈合的临床疗效。方法回顾性分析2016年2月至2017年12月采用手风琴技术治疗11例胫骨骨折延迟愈合、不愈合患者资料,男10例,女1例;年龄21~63岁,平均41.9岁。其中5例因慢性骨髓炎行Ilizarov骨搬移治疗后出现对合端延迟愈合;3例胫骨开放粉碎性骨折行环形外固定架治疗后出现骨折延迟愈合;2例胫骨闭合性骨折行组合式外固定架治疗后发生骨不愈合;1例胫骨闭合性骨折保守治疗后发生骨不愈合。11例患者均通过Ilizarov环形外固定架对骨折断端进行手风琴技术操作,即先压缩断端至骨性接触,然后以0.85 mm/d的速度对断端进行压缩1周,之后再以0.85mm/d的速度牵伸2~3周,接着以相同速度压缩至原位,压缩期与牵伸期之间有1周的间歇期。根据X线片所示断端成骨情况,进行1~2次循环。结果11例患者术后均获随访,随访时间11~29个月,平均15.2个月;所有患者均获得骨性愈合,愈合时间3~9个月,平均5.4个月。手风琴技术操作的时间为35~67d,平均50.2d;其中8例采用1次手风琴技术操作,3例采用2次;骨痂矿化时间64~239 d,平均114.9 d。末次随访时,根据Paley等骨搬移治疗骨缺损疗效评价系统评价治疗结果,优8例,良3例,优良率为100%(11/11)。根据Paley等骨搬移治疗骨缺损肢体功能评价系统对肢体功能进行评价,优7例,良4例,优良率为100%(11/11 )。结论 手风琴技术治疗胫骨骨折延迟愈合、不愈合疗效显著。

Objective To assess the clinical curative effect of accordion technique in the treatment of tibial delayed union or nonunion.Methods From February 2016 to December 2017, data of 11 patients with tibial delayed union (n=8) or non-union (n=3) who had been treated by accordion technique with an Ilizarov ring external fixator were retrospectively analyzed. 10 males and 1 female were included in our study, with an average age of 41.9 years (range, 21-63 years). There were 5 cases of docking site delayed union after Ilizarov transport for chronic tibial osteomyelitis. There were 3 cases of fracture site delayed union after external fixation for open tibia comminuted fracture. There were 3 cases of nonunion after tibia closed fracture, including 2 cases who had hybrid external fixation treatment, and 1 case who had conservative treatment. All the cases received accordion technique using Ilizarov ring external fixators. First, gradual compression at the fracture site was conducted until the bony contact was seen on a radiograph. After bony contact, compression was continued at a rate of 0.85 mm/d for a week, followed by distraction of 0.85 mm/d for 2-3 weeks. Afterward, a second compression was conducted using same rate and time with the distraction procedure. And there was a 7-day latent period between compression and distraction. One or two cycles of compression-distraction were needed before union was present radiographically.Results Bony union was obtained in all 11 patients after a mean time of 5.4 months (from 3 to 9 months). The mean follow-up for the 11 patients was 15.2 months (from 11 to 29 months). The mean duration of the accordion technique treatment was 50.2 d (range, 35-67 d). The accordion technique was used 1 time for 8 patients, and 2 times for 3 patients. The mean duration of bone consolidation was 114.9 d (range, 64-239 d). According to Paley evaluation criteria, osseous results were excellent in 8 cases, good in 3 cases, with a good to excellent rate of 100%(11/11);functional results were excellent in 7 cases, and good in 4 cases, with a good to excellent rate of 100%(11/11).Conclusion The accordion technique is a minimal invasive, safe and reliable treatment program for tibial delayed union or nonunion.