基于服务科学视角的森林生态服务价值评估再思考

Reconsideration on the evaluation of forest ecological service value from the perspective of service science

商品逻辑视角下的生态服务价值评估存在对不同生态服务价值进行简单线性叠加的问题,不能体现生态系统真正的市场价值,并造成了价值支付主体的缺失。从服务科学视角构建的公共物品或准公共物品的服务主导逻辑模式,提出了"反向价值评估法"-服务价值等于缺失此项服务后的价值使用者的损失值,即:服务的价值不是由其本身的市场价格所决定,而是由"没有它以后,与人相关的服务价值损失"决定。生态系统的服务价值为,服务功能缺失引起的人类正常生产生活被干扰、破坏的损失值,包括直接价值损失和生产价值补偿。运用"马斯洛需求层次理论"构建的"以人为本"的生态服务价值理论计算框架,使得生态服务价值可落地、能计算、有比较,并明确了价值支付主体。

The evaluation of ecological service value from the perspective of commodity logic has the problem of simple linear superposition of different ecological service values,which cannot reflect the true market value of the ecosystem,and causes the lack of value payment subject. From the perspective of service science,the service-oriented logic model of public goods or quasi-public goods is proposed,and a " reverse valuation method" is proposed-the value of service is equal to the loss value of the value user after the service is missing,that is,the value of the service is not determined by its own market price,but by the " loss of service value associated with people after it is absent. " The service value of the ecosystem is the loss value of human normal production and life which caused by the lack of service function,including direct value loss and production value compensation.The " people-oriented" eco-service value theory calculation framework constructed by " Maslow's hierarchy of needs theory" enables the value of ecological services to be landed,calculated,compared,and clearly defined the main subject of value payment.