世界主义民主理论及其批判

Cosmopolitan Democracy and Its Critiques

世界主义民主不是一个全新的理论,从本质上说它属于政治世界主义。英国学者戴维·赫尔德和意大利学者丹尼尔·阿奇布基等人以联合国改革为起点,建构了关于未来世界秩序的世界主义民主理论设想。世界主义民主否定了主权的地域性限制,强调超越国家边界的治理理念和原则。从短期目标来说,世界主义民主不是要建立世界政府,而是主张在在全球范围内建立一个介于邦联制和联邦制之间的民主体制。对于世界主义民主,批评意见认为一是它夸大了全球化及全球问题对主权国家的影响,二是它只是一个理想状态的政治设想,并不具有实践上的可能性。尽管如此,世界主义民主关于超国家治理的理论、论点和主张,为探索当前全球治理体系的变革,构建公平正义的全球新秩序提供了借鉴意义。

As part of political cosmopolitanism,cosmopolitan democracy is not entirely new.David Held,Daniele Archibugi and other political scientists have developed a theory of cosmopolitan democracy.This theory holds that governance should be suprastate border.In terms of short-term goals,it advocates a democratic system between the confederal and federal models, rather than a world government.For cosmopolitan democracy,the main criticism is that it exaggerates the influence of globalization while asserting an unrealistic goal.Nevertheless,the theory of cosmopolitan democracy provides a theoretical framework for exploring the current changes in global governance and building a global order with fairness or equality.