贵州喇叭话单字调的调形格局——兼论单字调的时长及其与拱形的关系

Tone Form Pattern in Laba Dialect of Guizhou Province—— Discussion on Tone Duration and Their Relationship with Tone Arch

在声调拱形和调形格局方面,喇叭话单字调的基本拱形主要有平拱形、降拱形、升拱形和凹拱形等4种;喇叭话的调形格局可以概括为"半高平—低降—中降—高升—低凹(升)"的格局类型,并且可以进一步概括为"平—降—降—升—凹(升)"的格局类型。在声调时长方面,男发音人和女发音人的共同点是入声调最长,去声调次长,阴平调再次;其区别在于男发音人上声调最短,阳平调次短,女发音人则完全相反。在声调时长与拱形的关系方面,男发音人和女发音人都表现为曲折拱形长于非曲折拱形,升拱形、平拱形都长于降拱形。

In the aspect of tone arch,the basic tone arches of Laba dialect can be divided into four types: level arch,falling arch,rising arch and fall-rising arch.In the aspect of tone form pattern,it can be summarized as/half-high-level,low falling,middle falling, high rising and low rising pattern,and it can be further generalized as level,falling,falling,rising and rising pattern.And in the aspect of tone duration,the common point between male and female speaker is that the tone duration of rusheng is the longest,qusheng is the second and yinping is the third,while the difference is that the shangsheng of male speaker is the shortest and yangping comes second,whereas the expression of female speaker is the opposite.In terms of the relationship between tone duration and tone arch,both male and female speaker show that the curved tone arch is longer than the non-curved tone arch,while the rising tone arch and the level tone arch are longer than the falling tone arch.