广州市老年人健康心理控制源与体育运动量的关系

Relationship between health locus of control and exercise dose among the elderly in Guangzhou City

目的考察老年人健康心理控制源与体育运动量之间的关系。方法选取广州市社区≥65岁老年人331名,采用日常生活能力量表(ADL)、多维度健康状况心理控制源量表(MHLC)、自评健康问卷、自编运动量问卷分别测量自理能力、健康心理控制源、主观健康水平以及运动状况。结果 MHLC的健康内部控制分量表得分(24.52±5.38)、健康权威人士控制分量表得分(23.67±4.70)、健康机遇控制分量表得分(18.46±4.24);自理能力与运动指标(锻炼次数、每次锻炼分钟、周运动量)相关显著(r=-0.262～-0.282, P_均<0.001)。机遇控制源与运动指标之间相关显著(r=-0.134～-0.209,P_均<0.05)。3种健康心理控制源在不同运动量组中的分布差异有统计学意义(P_均<0.05)。低运动量组健康控制源分布为高机遇控制,低内部控制。高运动量组倾向于高他人控制,低机遇控制。结论健康控制源与运动量关系密切,动员社区老年人参与体育锻炼要重视老年人健康控制源这一影响因素。

Objective To discusses the association between health locus of control and exercise dose. Methods The sample consists of individuals aged 65 and above(n = 331) who completed a survey that included ADL, subjective health, multimentional health locus of control scale( MHLC) and physical exercise state. Results In the MHLC,the mean scores were(24. 52 ±5.38) on internal locus of control(23. 67 ±4.70) on powerful locus of control, and(18. 46±4. 24) on opportunity locus of control. The scores of ADL were negatively correlated with exercise frequency physical exercise time and exercise dose( r =-0. 262 ^-0. 282,Ps < 0. 001). Opportunity locus of control were negatively correlated with exercise frequency physical exercise time and exercise dose(r =-0. 134^-0. 209,Ps < 0. 05). The elderly with low level exercise dose had high scores of opportunity locus of control and low scores of internal health locus of control. The elderly with the higher exercise dose had high scores of powerful locus of control and low scores of opportunity locus of control. Conclusion MHLC showed the strongest associations with exercise dose. Recognizing MHLC as a factor predicting physical exercise behaviors could allow the targeting of individuals for further assessment and interventions aimed at promoting health status among the elderly.