部分地区农村妇女宫颈癌防治认知及行为状况调查

Survey on status of awareness and practice of cervical cancer prevention and control among rural women in some areas of China

目的了解我国东中西部不同地区农村妇女对宫颈癌防治相关知识及最终参与检查的情况。方法在全国东中西部地区分别选取4个省7个农村妇女宫颈癌检查项目县(区),采取多阶段分层随机抽样的方法抽取358名35～64岁的农村妇女进行问卷调查。结果 2.2%的妇女未听说过宫颈癌,30. 1%不了解宫颈癌可能出现性交后阴道出血,有14. 0%的调查对象表示不知道宫颈癌发病危险因素,35. 5%不了解高危型HPV感染是宫颈癌发病原因。认为宫颈癌是不可预防的占7. 8%,仅有16.1%的妇女了解首次性行为前注射HPV疫苗可以预防宫颈癌。调查对象知识获取途径≤3种、4～6种、≥7种的分别为47.2%、32.1%及20. 7%。多因素Logistic回归分析显示,宫颈癌防治知识的影响因素主要有职业(OR=1.519, 95%CI:1.083～2. 129)、文化程度(OR=1.407, 95%CI:1.011～1.957)、获取知识的途径(OR=2.056, 95%CI:1.453～2.909)和得到专业人士讲解(OR=1.967, 95%CI:1.136～3.405)。有91.1%的调查对象曾经接受过宫颈癌筛查,8. 9%未进行。主动寻求筛查的妇女宫颈癌防治相关知识得分高于被动筛查的妇女(P <0.001)。结论农村妇女宫颈癌防治相关知识缺乏,宫颈癌防治相关知识水平与最终筛查行为密切相关,应采取各种有效的手段对农村妇女及社会公众进行更广泛的健康教育。

Objective To understand the status of knowledge about cervical cancer prevention and control and participation in cervical cancer screening among rural women across different regions of China. Methods A total of 358 rural women from 7 project counties of cervical cancer screening program in rural areas in 4 provinces across eastern, central and western regions of China were recruited through a multistage stratified random sampling method. Results Among the 358 participants, 2. 2% of them never heard of cervical cancer. About 30. 1% of participants didn’t know that bleeding after sexual intercourse was symptoms of cervical cancer. About 14. 0% of participants didnt know the risk factors of cervical cancer, and 35. 5% of participants didnt know the infection of high-risk HPV was the key cause of cervical cancer. Only 7. 8%of participants thought that cervical cancer was unpreventable. Only 16. 1% of participants knew that injection of HPV vaccination before sexual debut could prevent cervical cancer. The proportion of less than 3 ways, 4-6 ways and more than 7 ways to obtain knowledge about cervical cancer prevention and control was 47. 2%, 32. 1 % and 20.7%, respectively. Multivariate logistic regression analysis showed that occupation(OR = 1.519, 95%CI: 1.083-2.129).education level(OR= 1. 407. 95% CI: 1.011-1.957), way to obtain knowledge(OR =2. 056. 95% CI: 1.453-2.909). and obtaining professional explanation( OR = 1. 967, 95% CI: 1. 136-3. 405) were the influencing factors of knowledge among rural women. About 91. 1% of participants attended cervical cancer screening and 8. 9% of participants never attended. The knowledge score among women who participated screening actively was higher than women who participated screening passively(P < 0. 001). Conclusion The rural women’s knowledge about cervical cancer in project counties was inadequate. The level of knowledge about cervical cancer prevention and control was closely related to screening behavior. It is necessary to take various measures to carry out health education for rural women and the public.