美国对伊朗能源领域制裁政策的解读与分析

Interpretation & analysis on the U.S. sanctions policy on Iran's energy sector

多年来,美国对伊朗能源领域的制裁政策已经形成了一套复杂体系。现行制裁政策所设定的制裁范围非常宽泛,几乎涉及伊朗能源领域的所有商业往来。这套体系兼有原则性和灵活性,美国政府会随着政治需要对制裁规则做出相应的调整。在是否对有关国家和企业实施制裁问题上,美国政府有非常大的自由裁量权,但制裁政策也存在一些例外规定,在一定情况下要受国际法的制约。应对美国制裁风险,一方面,中国政府应出面,同美国和其他国家一起寻找到长期的政治和法律解决方案;另一方面,中国企业要做好涉伊业务的商业安排,尽量避免制裁给企业带来巨大风险冲击。

Over the years,U.S.sanctions policy on Iran’s energy sector has formed a complex system,which currently is broad in scope and involves almost all commercial transactions with Iran’s energy sector.The system is both principled and flexible,and the US government would adjust the sanctions rules in accordance with political needs.The US government has very broad discretion on deciding whether to impose sanctions on relevant countries and enterprises.However,there are some exceptions to the sanctions policy and it should also be subject to certain international law rules under certain circumstances.Therefore,in facing the risk of U.S.sanctions policy,on the one hand,Chinese government should work closely with the U.S.and some other countries to find a long term political and legal solution.On the other hand,Chinese enterprises need arrange the Iran business well enough to avoid the huge risks that the U.S.sanctions policy might bring to their business.