对我国优秀女子蝶泳运动员陆上训练年度安排的研究——以陆滢为例

Annual Arrangement of Land Training for Elite Female Butterfly Swimmers in China——Take Lu Ying as an Example

为了系统掌握我国优秀女子蝶泳运动员陆上训练的规律,本文运用文献资料法、观察访谈法和数理统计等方法对我国优秀女子游泳运动员年度陆上训练内容以及周期安排特征进行研究。结论:年度陆上训练安排主要以多周期进行,综合训练期由3～4个发展小周期构成,强调等长肌力和离心控制能力;专项训练期由3～4个发展小周期与冲击性小周期构成,以循环训练优化训练密度;赛前训练期由3周左右的冲击性小周期构成,优先发展爆发力,侧重向心动作为主的动作模式。赛前减量期由2周左右的负荷调整小周期构成,注重提高全身肌肉整体工作效率与单个动作不同环节之间的衔接质量。负荷体现出从综合准备期到赛前减量期,周课次与课时减少,训练强度呈先上升后下降的趋势。负荷量峰值出现在专项准备期,强度峰值出现在赛前训练期。

This study analyzed the land training content and training arrangement characteristics of elite female butterfly swimmers in China by the methods of literature review,observation,interview and mathematic statistics.Conclusions: The annual arrangement of land training is mainly multi-cycle;the comprehensive training period is composed of 3-4 development cycles,and emphasizing isometric muscle strength and centrifugal control ability;the specific training period is composed of 3-4 development cycles and impact cycles,optimizing training by circuit training;the pre-competition training period is composed of three weeks impact cycle,giving priority to the development of explosive force,focusing on the concentric movement as the main mode of action;pre-competition tapering period is composed of two weeks load adjustment cycle,focusing on improving the whole body muscle work efficiency and the link effective between different parts of a single movement. It shows that from the comprehensive preparation period to the pre-competition tapering period,the weekly classes and class hours are reduced,and the training intensity first increases and then decreases. The load peak appears in the specific training period,and the intensity peak appears in pre-competition training period.