基础地理知识服务的基本问题与研究方向

Basic Issues and Research Agenda of Geospatial Knowledge Service

基础地理数据具有空间载体和知识存量两大作用。以往人们主要关注其空间载体作用,研发和提供了丰富多样的基础地理数据服务与信息服务,但对其知识存量挖掘不够,提供的地理空间知识服务极少。近年来,"数据海量,信息爆炸,知识难求"现象愈加突出,从地理数据信息服务走向知识服务势在必行,已成为测绘科技转型升级的一项重要任务。借鉴知识图谱的最新研究进展,讨论了基础地理数据、信息和知识的基本内涵,提出了以结构化和关联化为重要特征的基础地理知识服务总体思路,分析了由此带来的4方面问题;继而从领域知识体系构建、关键技术、应用服务3个方面讨论了基础地理知识服务的研究方向与重点;以GlobeLand30知识服务为例,介绍了初步研究进展。

Geospatial data has two important roles, that is, serving as the geospatial reference and using as a source of geographic knowledge. In the past years, its former role has been extensively investigated which leads to in-depth development and wide application of a number of geospatial data and information service. However, mining or extracting knowledge from geospatial data has not been well explored and few geospatial knowledge services are provided to the users. "Massive information, explosive information and rare knowle-dge" becomes one of the major challenges facing the geospatial societies, and more efforts should be devoted to moving from traditional geospatial data/information service to knowledge service. Firstly, this paper has reviewed the latest development of Knowledge Graph and discussed differences among geospatial data, information and knowledge. Secondly, a conceptual framework is proposed for geospatial knowledge service, which is characterized by structuring building and data linking. Four special requirements for building the geospatial knowledge service are identified. A research agenda is then proposed, including building domain knowledge graph, technological innovation, and developing operational service systems. Finally, the preliminary results of GlobeLand30 knowledge service system is briefly introduced.