白菜型油菜黄籽沙逊和芥蓝种间杂交合成甘蓝型油菜研究

Study on the Brassica napus Resynthesis via Interspecific Hybrid between 'Yellow Sarson' and Brassica albograbra

人工合成甘蓝型油菜是拓宽油菜遗传育种种质资源的有效途径,也是研究芸薹属物种起源与演化的重要手段之一。为了把黄籽沙逊的黄籽性状同芥蓝的优良特性相结合,本研究利用白菜型油菜黄籽沙逊(Brassica. campestris var. Yellow Sarson Pain, 2n=AA=20)与芥蓝(Brassica albograbra, 2n=CC=18)开展了芸薹属种间杂交研究,在MS+6-BA 1.0 mg/L+NAA 0.1 mg/L+7%蔗糖+活性炭1.0 mg/L的培养基上,通过胚珠培养从授粉7 d的140个胚珠中得到6个远缘杂交胚发育而成的植株,其中1个自然加倍成为双二倍体,随后应用形态学、细胞学和分子标记的方法对双二倍体种间杂种植株进行了鉴定,结果表明杂种植株生长势较强,形态属于中间类型;根尖染色体压片观察显示杂种植株具有父母本的染色体数量之和;SSR分子标记分析表明,杂种植株包含了双亲的遗传信息,由此证明了所获杂种的真实性,这为最后自交分离获得黄籽甘蓝型油菜提供了科学依据。

Synthetic Brassica napus is an effective way to broaden the germplasm resources of rape breeding and an important way to study the origin and evolution of Brassica species. In order to combine the yellow seed of’Yellow Sarson’ with the fine traits of B. albograbra, in this research, the intergeneric hybridization experiment between ’Yellow Sarson’(Brassica campestris, AA genome, 2 n=20) and B. albograbra(CC genome, 2 n=18) were car ried out. 6 intergeneric hybrids were obtained from 140 ovules of pollinated for 7 d on the medium(MS+6-BA1.0 mg/L+NAA 0.1 mg/L+7% sucrose+carbon 1.0 mg/L) through embryo rescue. One of 6 embryos became double diploid through natural chromosome doubling, which was subsequently identified by morphological characteriza-tion, cytological observation and molecular marker techniques. The results indicated that the hybrids showed stronger growth vigor compared with their parents and belonged to middle type in morphology. Cytological observation by slide preparation of chromosomes from root tip cells revealed that the hybrid plants contained the all chromosome of both parents. SSR molecular marker analysis showed that the hybrids contained genetic information of both parents, which proved that the hybrids were real hybrids. The creation and identification of the hybrids could lay the basis for the obtain of yellow-seed Brassica napus by selfing.