文山州滴灌条件下减施氮肥用量对烤烟生长发育及产质量的影响

Effects of Reducing the Amount of Nitrogen Fertilizer on Growth and Yield of Tobacco with Drip Irrigation in Wenshan

通过2年田间试验,研究了滴灌条件下不同施氮量对烤烟生长发育、经济性状、外观质量、内在品质及感官质量的影响。结果表明,滴灌条件下减施氮肥能够促进烤烟生长,提高中部叶烤烟还原糖、总糖、糖碱比和钾含量。降低总氮含量、总植物碱含量,协调中部叶内在化学成分,增加烤烟产值及产量,改善了烟叶的感官质量。2015、2016年度内在化学成分及感官质量均以采用滴灌施用纯氮60 kg/hm2处理最佳。在滴灌条件下,施用纯氮60 kg/hm2是文山地区烤烟生长、品质及产值方面最佳的组合,达到了节水、节肥与最佳种烟收益双重目的。

The effects of different nitrogen application on the growth, development, economic character, appearance quality, internal quality and sensory quality of flue-cured tobacco under drip irrigation were studied in 2 years field experiment. The results indicated that the reduce of nitrogen amount under drip irrigation could promote the growth of flue-cured tobacco and improve the content of revertose, total sugar, sugar to nicotine ratio and the content of potassium in the middle leaves of tobacco. Reducing total nitrogen content and total alkaloid content,and coordinating chemical composition in the middle leaves could increase flue-cured tobacco output value and yield, and improve the sensory quality of tobacco leaves. The tobacco under the treatment of 60 kg/hm^2 pure nitrogen with drip irrigation had the best chemical components and sensory quality in 2015 and 2016. Thus, 60 kg/hm^2 pure nitrogen under drip irrigation was the best combination for the growth, quality and yield of tobacco in Wenshan, achieving the double purposes of saving water, saving fertilizer and optimizing the benefits of tobacco production.